试论元祐文士题画诗中画而称写的生命精神

On the Life Spirit of Naming Painting as Writing in the Literati’s Poems on Paintings in the Period of Yuanyou

以苏轼、黄庭坚、米芾、文同、惠崇为代表的元祐文士,通过书法中成熟的实践经验和理论资源,用之于士夫画创作,并以画上题跋或题画诗导夫先路,尝试进行一种新的美学精神创生和实践操练,从而展开了一场“笔墨运动”,他们以“写”为名,通过书法笔画之演绎变化与笔墨表现阈值之拓展让绘画从存形到存象产生了内在美学肌理转化和意义世界重构。“写”是文人画理论产生初期的一个重要的文艺思想范畴,通过对元祐文士题画诗中“写”字义涵考察分析,有助于构建具有中国特色的绘画阐释理论,对当下中国绘画创作有着重要的启发价值。

The Yuanyou literati(Scholars in the period of Yuanyou),represented by Su Shi,Huang Tingjian,Mi Fu,Wen Tong,and Hui Chong,utilized their mature practical experience and theoretical resources in calligraphy to create literati paintings.They also attempted to create and practice a new aesthetic spirit by using poetic inscriptions on painting or painting poems as a guide,thus launching a“brush and Chinese ink movement”.They named it“writing”.Through the deductive changes of calligraphy strokes and the expansion of brush and ink expression thresholds,painting has undergone an internal aesthetic texture transformation and reconstruction of the world of meaning from form to image.“writing”is an important category of literary and artistic thought in the early stage of the emergence of literati painting theory.By examining and analyzing the meaning of the word“writing”in Yuanyou literati painting poems,it helps to construct a painting interpretation theory with Chinese characteristics,which has important inspiration value for the current Chinese painting creation.