任务和个体特征对事件性前瞻记忆后效的影响及其机制

Effects of task characteristics and individual traits on the aftereffects of event-based prospective memory and its mechanism

前瞻记忆后效(aftereffects of prospective memory)是指个体错误地重复执行已完成的前瞻记忆意向或已完成的意向对进行中任务产生干扰的现象。基于前瞻记忆多重加工理论,通过对文献梳理发现,任务特征(前瞻记忆任务特征、进行中任务特征、任务情境)和个体特征会调节事件性前瞻记忆后效。目前,关于事件性前瞻记忆后效的加工机制的理论解释主要包括自动化加工、控制加工、提取−抑制加工、停止标记加工、双加工和动态多重加工等。其中,自动化加工可分为反射−联结加工和差异−搜索加工,而控制加工又可分为监控加工和抑制加工。事件性前瞻记忆后效的形成与自动化加工和监控加工关系更密切,而后效的消退更依赖抑制加工。未来研究需深入考察事件性前瞻记忆后效的加工机制,增加对不同类型以及自然情境中前瞻记忆后效的考察,注重探究降低前瞻记忆后效的策略。

The phenomenon in which an individual repeatedly performs an already completed prospective memory(PM)intention(commission errors),or the completed intention interferes with the performance of the ongoing task are the aftereffects of PM.Based on the multiple processing theory of PM,a literature review revealed that task characteristics(PM task characteristics,ongoing task characteristics,task context)and individual traits modulate the aftereffects of event-based PM.Theoretical explanations for the processing mechanisms of the aftereffects of event-based PM include automatic,controlled,extraction-inhibition,stop-tag,and dual processing,and dynamic multiprocess framework.Among these,automatic processing is subdivided into reflexive-associative and discrepancy-plus-search processing,while controlled processing can be divided into strategic monitoring and inhibition processing.The formation of aftereffects of event-based PM is more closely related to automatic and strategic monitoring processing,and the deactivation of such aftereffects is more dependent on inhibitory processing.The processing mechanisms of the aftereffects of event-based PM need to be explored in-depth.Furthermore,future research should increase the investigation of aftereffects of PM in different types as well as natural contexts,and focus on exploring strategies to reduce the aftereffects of PM.