嗅觉影响社会判断与决策的作用与机制

The effect of olfaction on social judgment and decision-making and its mechanism

嗅觉是人类进化而来解决生存与繁衍问题的“适应器”。大量研究证实嗅觉影响个体的人际知觉与道德判断,影响其亲社会行为、风险行为与消费行为的决策,但尚无文献系统探讨这些影响背后的作用机制。在综述各类研究的基础上,从种系发展、身体、情绪、认知与人际等维度出发,整理与总结了进化假说、生理学假说、情绪诱导假说、具身认知假说和社会建构假说等5种假说,在多个层面对嗅觉影响社会判断与决策的作用机制进行了阐释。当前研究存在着个体对气味的感知存在差异,不同研究对气味的剂量、暴露时间等操纵方式不同,未充分考虑嗅觉的跨通道信息整合等问题,未来应加强嗅觉在跨通道、本土化和跨文化,以及社会生活,比如消费心理等领域的相关研究。

Olfaction is phylogenetically one of the oldest organism adaptations,playing an important role in human survival and development,potentially influencing interpersonal perceptions,moral judgments,prosocial behavior decisions,and consumption preferences,in addition to guiding individuals to avoid potential risks,renders it a topic of substantial research interest.Various hypotheses have been advocated,including the evolutionary,pharmacological,emotion-induced,embodied metaphor,and social construction hypotheses.These hypotheses attempt to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the influence of olfaction on social judgment and decision-making from five perspectives:phylogenetics,body interaction,emotion-induced,cognitive and interpersonal interaction.Extensive research lacks consideration of individual differences in olfactory perception,variability in olfactory manipulation,and integration of olfactory clues with other sensory modalities.These issues can be addressed in a targeted manner in the future,and research related to olfaction can be further explained in fields of cross-modal,localized and cross-cultural,as well as social life applications,such as consumer psychology.