褪黑素、赤霉素与油菜素内酯对烤烟上部烟叶发育及产质量的影响

为明确褪黑素对烤烟上部烟叶发育的作用,为优质烟叶生产提供参考依据,采用单因素随机区组试验,以烤烟品种云烟105为试验材料,研究喷施褪黑素(MT)、赤霉素(GA3)和油菜素内酯(BR)对上部烟叶叶面积、单叶重、叶面积指数、产量产值及化学成分的影响。结果表明,GA3对上部烟叶的叶面积、叶面积指数和单叶重的促进作用最好,其次为BR,MT处理与对照(CK)没有显著差异。各处理上部烟叶的化学成分总体较为协调,均处在优质烟叶适宜的糖碱比范围内。其中,喷施GA3处理的总糖、还原糖、总氮和烟碱含量最高;喷施褪黑素处理对上部烟叶的钾含量增加显著,较对照增加了1.18个百分点。在所有处理中,以喷施褪黑素的烟叶产量与产值为最高,烟叶的总产量较对照增加了6.75%,每公顷总产值则较对照增加了4804.50元。3种激素喷施对上部烟叶的感官评吸质量均有提升作用,具体表现为GA3>BR>MT。其中,以喷施10 mg/kg GA3的效果最好;褪黑素喷施浓度为150μmol/L时,可以有效提升烟叶的产量和产值。

In order to clarify the effects of melatonin on the development of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco and provide reference basis for high quality tobacco production,a single factor randomized block experiment was conducted to study the effects of spraying Melatonin(MT),Gibberellin(GA3)and Brassinolide(BR)on upper leaf area,single leaf weight,leaf area index,yield and output value and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87.The results showed that GA3 had the best promoting effect on leaf area,leaf area index and single leaf weight of upper tobacco leaves,followed by BR,MT treatment and control(CK).The chemical composition of the upper tobacco leaves of each treatment was generally coordinated,and all were in the range of suitable sugar-alkali ratio of high-quality tobacco leaves.Among them,the content of total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen and nicotine of spraying GA3 was the highest,while spraying melatonin increased the potassium content of upper tobacco leaves significantly,which was 1.18%higher than that of the control.Among all the treatments,the yield and output value of tobacco leaves sprayed with melatonin were the highest,the total yield of tobacco leaves increased by 6.75%compared with the control,and the total output value per hectare increased by CHY4804.50 compared with the control.The sensory evaluation and smoking quality of upper tobacco leaves could be improved by spraying three kinds of hormones,which was GA3>BR>MT.Among them,the effect of spraying 10 mg/kg GA3 was the best,and the yield and output value of tobacco leaves could be effectively increased when the concentration of melatonin was 150μmol/L.