国外粮食减损治理模式及经验启示

International Experience in the Management to Reduce Food Loss and Waste and Its Enlightenment to China

治理粮食损失浪费是世界性难题,不同国家由于发展阶段、政治结构和治理理念不同导致对粮食损失浪费的治理模式也存在明显差异性。研究认为,各国反对粮食损失浪费的理论根基可归纳为三种:一是粮食损失浪费造成巨大资源环境负担;二是粮食损失浪费造成明显公共财富损失;三是粮食损失浪费造成粮食自给率下降危害国家安全。基于此,认为国外主流国家存在三种典型粮食损失治理模式,即欧洲国家形成的以可持续发展理念为主的治理模式,美国形成的以公共财富管理理念为主的治理模式,日韩形成的以资源和安全理念为主的治理模式。结合我国发展阶段和损失特征,提出了深入实施节粮行动、加大专项投入力度、提高科技支撑水平、强化消费引导宣传、加强国际合作共治等政策建议。

Food loss and waste is a global problem,and there are significant differences in the governance models of mangement to reduce food loss and waste among different countries.This paper analyzed the theoretical basis for opposing food loss and waste in various countries,and summarized into three types.Firstly,food loss and waste cause a huge burden on resources and environment.Secondly,food loss and waste cause huge lossness social and financial lossless.Thirdly,food loss and waste leads to a decrease in the self-sufficiency rate of food security.Based on these analysis,it is believed that there are three typical governance models in the worldwide,namely the sustainable development of European countries,the public wealth management model of American,and the resources and security model formed by Japan and Republic of Korea.According to the development stage and food loss characteristics of China,this paper raised several recommendations,including deepening the implementation of grain conservation actions,increasing special investment,improving technological support,strengthening consumption guidance and publicity,and strengthening international cooperation and governance.