以技进道:职业教育的技术旨归——基于技术形态与技术知识的探解

From Pursuing Technology to Pursuing Dao:The Technical Orientation of Vocational Education——Explorations Based on Technical Forms and Technical Knowledge

职业教育的本质属性是“技术教育”,对职业教育“技术”的理解始终影响着职业教育人才培养的定位与方向。从技术形态与技术知识的视角来看,职业技术可以分为以陈述性技术知识呈现的有形技术和以过程性技术知识传承的无形技术两类。前者表征为具象化的有形技术要点与操作框架存在,在技术实践上存在滞后于工作场时代变革的座架之诱;后者表征为境界性的无形技术运用和要素和谐状态,但在技术实践中也存在着缺失个体长期性体悟场域的藩篱。职业教育作为培养高素质技术技能人才的类型教育,在大力发展先进制造业、战略性新兴产业、现代服务业的迫切需要下,其人才培养既要以有形技术固本,又要在境界上追求无形技术,即形而上层面的“道”。以陈述性技术知识和过程性技术知识的过程性转化为基础,在实践中借助宏观层面的产教融合与微观层面的校企合作协同促进机制,追寻从“有形”进阶“无形”的价值理性,实现职业教育“以技进道”的技术旨归,增强技术时代职业教育的适应性。

The essential attribute of vocational education is“technical education”,and the understanding of the“technology”of vocational education always influences the orientation and direction of vocational education personnel training.From the perspective of technical forms and technical knowledge,vocational technology can be divided into two categories:tangible technology presented as declarative technical knowledge and intangible technology passed on as processual technical knowledge.The former is characterized by the existence of tangible technical points and operational frameworks,and there is the temptation of lagging behind the changes of the workplace era in technical practice;the latter is characterized by the use of intangible technology and the harmony of elements in the realm,but there is also the barrier of the lack of individual long-term realization of the field in technical practice.Vocational education,as a type of education to cultivate high-quality technical and skilled talents,under the urgent need to vigorously develop advanced manufacturing industry,strategic emerging industries and modern service industry,the cultivation of talents should not only be based on the tangible technology,but also pursue the intangible technology,i.e.,the“Dao”at the metaphysical level.Based on the processual transformation of declarative and processual technical knowledge,with the help of the synergistic promotion mechanism of the integration of industry and education at the macro level and the cooperation between schools and enterprises at the micro level in practice,the value rationality advancing from the tangible to the intangible has been pursued,so as to realize the technical orientation of vocational education,from pursuing technology to pursuing Dao,and to enhance the adaptability of vocational education in the technological era.