激光快速增材制造技术在国防科技中的应用现状与展望

The Application Status and Prospects of Laser Rapid Additive Manufacturing Technology in National Defense Science and Technology

科技在现代国防建设和军事战争中发挥着越来越重要的作用,武器装备在大国博弈中占据的重要程度也越来越高。与此同时,装备的耗损速度也在不断加大,这导致在现代战争中,装备的快速修复成了一个重要的问题。传统的维修方法成本高、维修周期长且所需设备复杂多样,而激光快速增材制造技术能够满足在复杂环境下进行快速装备维修与再制造的需要,保障设备和装备的及时补充。本文概述了当前激光增材制造技术在现代国防军事科技中的研究与应用现状,具体介绍了近现代激光熔融沉积技术、激光立体光固化技术、选择性激光烧结技术和激光选区熔化技术等激光快速制造技术在陆军、空军航空航天和海军上的应用实例。同时,也针对性地讨论了当前激光增材制造技术所面临的技术难题和应用短板。结合社会科技发展现状,对所暴露出的不足提出了理论性的指导意见,最后对激光快速增材制造技术的发展方向进行了展望。

Technology is playing an increasingly imporlant role in modern national defense construclion and military warlare,and the importance of weapons and equipment in the game of great powers is also increasing.At the same time,the rate of e-quipment wear and tear is also constantly increasing,that makes the rapid repair of equipment become an important issue in modern warfare.Traditional maintenance methods have high costs,long maintenance cycles,and require complex and diverse equipment.Laser rapid additive manufacturing technology can meet the needs of rapid equipment maintenance and remanufac-turing in complex environments,and ensure timely replenishment of devices and equipment.In this paper,the current research and application status of laser additive manufacturing technology in modern national defense and military technology were sum-marized,and the application examples of modern laser rapid manufacturing technology in the army,air force aerospace,and navy,such as laser melting deposition technology,laser stereolithography technology,selective laser sintering technology,and laser selective melting technology,were specifically introduced.Meanwhile,the current technological problems and application shortcomings of laser additive manufacturing technology were also discussed.Combining with the current development status of social science and technology,the theoretical guidance for the exposed shortcomings were proposed.Finally,the development direction of laser rapid additive manufacturing technology was prospected.