从小说叙述学到广义叙述学——赵毅衡叙述学思想综述

From Novel Narratology to General Narratology——A Summary of Zhao Yiheng’s Narrative Theory

赵毅衡的叙述学以符号学为理论基础,从小说叙述学发展到广义叙述学。在20世纪80年代至90年代的小说叙述研究中,赵毅衡从叙述者出发,论证了叙述中普遍存在的“叙述自指悖论”,提出叙述形式-文化批评论,突破了结构主义叙述学模式的文本中心局限。21世纪后,赵毅衡基于他所发展的符号学,将叙述研究扩容至文化中的全部体裁,提出叙述的底线定义和体裁全域分类标准,重新审视和解答诸多叙述基础问题。广义叙述学跳出了小说为中心的叙述学模式,开启了叙述学的第三阶段。

Zhao Yiheng’s narrative theory is based on semiotics,extending from novel narratology to general narratology.In the 1980s and 1990s,in the study of novel narrative,he has started from the narrator and demonstrated the“narrative self-referential paradox”that generally exists in narrative.He has also proposed the narrative form-cultural critique,breaking the limitation of the text-centered mode of structuralist narrative theory.Since the 21st century,based on his developed semiotics,Zhao has expanded the scope of narrative studies to all genres of culture,proposing the bottom-line definition of narrative and all-genre classification standards,re-examining and answering many fundamental questions of narrative.General narratology is no longer limited to the novel-centered narrative mode,and has opened up the third phase of narrative studies.