从黑格尔到阿甘本:辩证法的虚无主义问题及其解决路径

From Hegel to Agamben:The Problem of Nihilism in Dialectics and Its Solving Route

黑格尔辩证法工作的出发点是解决哲学二元论中蕴含的“虚空”和虚无化问题,完成主体意识对“虚空”自为的生成性转化。但阿尔都塞认为这种转化以“无主体进程”的本体论形式保留了虚无,并可以在霍布斯的国家主权机器及其去主体化的主体程序中找到相应的政治实践形式。阿甘本据此挖掘出辩证法内含的行动法则与暴力机制,指出它带来了自由行动的困境,而解决办法唯有开启有关“自我-触感”和非专有之爱的共同体经验。黑格尔到阿甘本这条思想脉络的发展,显示了黑格尔的“绝对者”概念对海德格尔及其后来的虚无主义批判的决定性影响,他们共同的解决路径是建立新型的行动共同体。

G.W.F.Hegel started his dialectics work from solving the“emptiness”and nihilism contained in philosophical dualism,completing the generative transformation of the subject consciousness itself to“emptiness”.But L.P.Althusser believed that this transformation retained nihilism through“subjectless process”,reflected in the political practice of Hobbes'state sovereign machine with its de-subjective subject procedure.Accordingly,Agamben pointed out its laws of action and mechanisms of violence,arguing that dialectics brough the dilemma of free action and the only solution was to open up the community experience of“auto-affection”and non-exclusive love.The development of ideas from Hegel to Agamben shows the decisive influence of Hegel's“absolute”idea on the nihilistic critical work of Heidegger and after him with a new model of community.