伊犁河流域春季可培养细菌多样性及其胞外酶检测

Diversity Characteristics of Cultivable Bacteria and Screening of Enzyme-Producing Strains in Ili River Basin in Spring

利用可培养法对新疆伊犁河流域水体和沉积物中细菌多样性进行分析,以期初步阐明流域河流可培养细菌群落结构。采用5种琼脂培养基分离纯化可培养细菌,依据其16S rRNA基因序列进行系统发育分析,并运用平板法对纯化菌株的胞外酶产生情况进行检测。序列分析结果表明,225株细菌分别属于变形菌门γ亚群(Gamma-pseudomonadota,56.44%)、放线菌门(Actinomycetota,18.22%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,14.22%)、变形菌门α亚群(Alpha-pseudomonadota,4.89%)、变形菌门β亚群(Beta-pseudomonadota,4%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota,0.44%)和异常球菌-栖热菌门(Deinococcota,0.44%)等7个大的系统发育类群,41个属84个种。其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas,42.22%)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter,9.33%)和芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus,9.33%)为优势菌属。菌种分布结果显示,伊犁河流域主要支流和干流中可培养细菌地域分布性强。分离菌株产胞外酶结果显示,225株细菌中含有2种及以上酶活性的菌株共113株(50.22%)。总体上,伊犁河流域可培养细菌多样性较丰富,细菌产胞外酶活性比例较高,分离菌株可为伊犁河流域菌种资源库的建立提供参考。

The bacterial diversity in water and sediment of Ili River Basin in Xinjiang was analyzed by cultivable method,in order to clarify the composition of cultivable bacterial community structure.The culturable bacteria were isolated and purified by five agar medium,the phylogenetic analysis was carried out according to their 16S rRNA gene sequence,and the production of extracellular enzymes of the purified strains was detected by plate method.Sequence analysis showed that 225 strains belonged to Gamma-pseudomonadota(56.44%),Actinomycetota(18.22%),Bacillota(14.22%),Alpha-pseudomonadota(4.89%),Beta-pseudomonadota(4%),Bacteroidota(0.44%)and Deinococcota(0.44%),encompassing 41 genera and 84 species.Pseudomonas(42.22%),Acinetobacter(9.33%)and Bacillus(9.33%)were the dominant genera.The results of strain distribution showed that the regional distribution of cultivable bacteria in the main tributaries and trunk streams of Ili River Basin was strong.The results of extracellular enzyme production of isolated strains showed that there were 113 strains(50.22%)with two or more enzyme activities in 225 strains.In general,the diversity of cultivable bacteria in Ili River Basin was rich,and the proportion of extracellular enzyme activity of cultivable bacteria was high.The isolated strains could provide bases in early stage for the establishment of bacterial species resource bank in Ili River Basin.