社区型合作与小农户组织化--基于村集体组织小农户实现农业现代化的案例分析

Community⁃based Cooperation and Organization of Small⁃scale Household Producers:A Case Study of Village Committee⁃led Efforts in Agricultural Modernization

对于小农户如何组织化参与到现代农业发展中,学界多分析利益联结的“公司+小农户”与“专业合作社+小农户”的组织方式,忽视了乡村实践中社区内村集体和小农户多元要素合作的组织形式。基于农业治理的研究视角,本文着重分析山东寿光市A村小农户在村集体的领导下围绕产业发展中的市场交易、土地整合、公共物品、资金等需求,通过组建不同类型的社区型合作组织实现农业转型升级的发展路径。在此过程中,小农户的多元性需求与社区治理压力、地方行政传导给村集体的创新压力,以及小农户对接“市场-国家”的组织需求成为社区型合作实现的动力机制。它不仅解决了基于经济效率的社会化分工促成产业发展转型升级问题,还兼顾社会公平和聚焦村庄福利的组织制度提升了村集体的治理效能和农民幸福感。依托产业发展和社会治理有效融合的社区型合作路径不仅实现了小农户基础上的农业现代化发展,还能为新时代小农经济基础上的中国式农业现代化提供启示。

In the pursuit of guiding small-scale household producers to actively participate in the development of modern agriculture,the academic community has predominantly focused on the organization modes of“company+smallholders”and“specialized farmer cooperatives+smallholders”from the lens of interest connection.Unfortunately,this has led to the oversight of the multi-element cooperation between village collectives and small producers.Within the framework of agricultural governance research,this paper delves into the analysis of the developmental trajectory followed by small producers in Shouguang A village,located in Shandong Province,as they strive to achieve the transformation and advancement of the agricultural industry.This is accomplished through the establishment of diverse community-based cooperative organizations under the leadership of the village collective.Emphasizing market transactions,land integration,public goods,and funding requirements,this study explores the intricate interplay between the varied needs of small producers,community governance pressures,innovative impulses disseminated by local administration to village collectives,and the organizational requisites for small producers to engage with both the market and the state.The proposed community cooperation pathway not only resolves the challenges stemming from a socially divided labor structure driven by economic efficiency,but also places significant importance on social equity and the organizational systems focus on the welfare of the village,thereby enhancing the governance efficiency of the village collective and augmenting the overall satisfaction of farmers.Ultimately,this integration of industrial development and social governance enables the realization of agricultural modernization,with small farmers positioned as the primary driving force.Moreover,it offers valuable insights that can contribute to the Chinese agricultural modernization endeavors based on a peasant economy in this new era.