家国共同体:国家与农民的社会联结机制--基于西部山区易地搬迁工程的经验研究

The Social Connection between the State and Farmers from the Perspective of the National Community:Based on the Experience of Relocation Project in Western Mountainous Areas

立国为家、化家为国的家国共同体在中国有着悠久的历史溯源和深厚的学理基础,易地搬迁工程的全过程充分展现了这种具有中国特色的国家与农民的关系形态。无论从易地搬迁的前期政策互动、移民搬迁过程,还是后续发展帮扶、社区融入与治理,国家与农民的成功联结受到了中国“家本位”的社会意识形态的影响。“家”既是农民行动的基本单位,也是国家治理的基层单位。国家以助民富民为目标,依循农民的自主发展意愿制定以农民家庭发展为重点的相关政策,实行以家户为单位的对接帮扶,满足农户对美好生活的需求。农民则出于对国家的信任及对美好家园的向往,自觉加入国家搬迁工程并积极融入安置社区。国家、国家代理人和农民等治理单位都遵循着家国共同体的联结形式,在易地搬迁的特定场域中呈现出“安家兴国”的共同意识。在治理现代化的后小康时代,共同家园的营造将成为联结国家与搬迁农户的独特场域与载体,是促进国家与农民实现共同富裕的积极力量。

In the traditional culture of our country,“home”is the smallest social unit,but also constitutes the carrier of“country”.The“family-country community”of establishing the country as a home and transforming the family into a country has a long historical origin and deep theoretical foundation in China,and the whole process of the relocation project fully shows the relationship form between the country and farmers with Chinese characteristics.The successful connection between the state and the relocated farmers is the result of the influence of Chinas traditional social culture based on the family,whether it is the interaction of policies in the early stage of relocation,the process of relocation,or the follow-up development assistance,community integration and governance.“Family”is not only the basic unit of farmersactions,but also the grass-roots unit of national governance.With the goal of helping and enriching the people,the state has formulated relevant policies focusing on the development of farmers and their families in accordance with the independent development wishes of the farmers,and has provided assistance and assistance to the relocated farmers in order to meet their needs for a better life.The assistance received by relocated farmers comes from the national policy or its concrete action agent.Out of the trust of the country and the yearning for a better home,farmers consciously join the national relocation project and actively integrate into the resettlement community.The state,the state agent and the farmers and other governing units follow the form of“national community”and present the common consciousness of“settling and rejuvenating the country”in the specific field of relocation.In the post-well-off era of governance modernization,the construction of common home will become a unique field and carrier to connect the country and relocated farmers,and a positive force to promote the country and farmers to achieve common prosperity.