德·谢·利哈乔夫的历史观:从民族主义到自由民族主义的转向

D.S.Likhachev's Historical Perspective:Shift from Nationalismto Liberal Nationalism

德·谢·利哈乔夫坚持从文化角度解读俄罗斯历史,但是政治环境和社会环境的变化推动了利哈乔夫历史观的转向。利哈乔夫早年响应国家需求,坚持民族主义历史观,强调俄国历史的欧洲属性、历史进程中的民族自觉意识以及阶级斗争对历史的推动作用。苏联解体前后,利哈乔夫的历史观从民族主义转向自由民族主义,开始关注基督教对历史的塑造作用,批判历史进程存在断裂的观点,强调个人权利和道德伦理概念。

D.S.Likhachev upheld a cultural interpretation of Russian history,yet shifts in political and social contexts prompted changes in his historical outlook.In his early years,Likhachev responded to national demands and adhered to a nationalist historical perspective.He emphasized Russia's European attributes,the growing national self-awareness within historical processes,and the role of class struggle in propelling history.However,around the time of the Soviet Union's dissolution,Likhachev's historical viewpoint shifted from nationalism to liberal nationalism.He turned his attention to the shaping influence of Christianity on history,criticized notions of historical rupture,and underscored individual rights while interpretingmoral and ethical concepts.