五模块铰接有轨电车调簧算法研究

Five-module floating train springs adjustment algorithm

通过加垫调簧对轮轴重调整以满足偏差要求是列车出厂验收作业中费时费力环节,现在对于调簧位置、加垫量的确定基本靠作业人员经验,尚没有一个高效、准确的算法作为理论支撑。以结构特殊、受力复杂的五模块有轨电车为对象,在考虑车间铰接、一系刚簧和二系空簧刚度作用条件下,首先建立车辆等效模型和力学模型;然后给出调簧算法流程和车辆调簧模型;再把称重试验台实测各轮重值作为调簧模型的输入,利用模拟退火算法、遗传算法对模型进行寻优求解并给出了对应的两种调簧方案;最后对列车进行加垫调簧作业和试验称重测试。结果表明:算法指标ζ算法从5.52%分别降至1.99%和1.82%,最大轮重偏差率从4.13%分别降至1.93%和1.6%,最大动轴偏差率从3.52%降为1.99%和1.82%,最大拖轴偏差率从1.38%降为0.17%和0.98%。总体来看,利用所求得的调簧方案,均可一次性对列车轮轴重偏差进行调平并满足规范要求,省去了车体和转向架来回拆卸吊装,作业效率和调平精度显著提高,另外利用该方法只需建立相应的联合刚度矩阵,即可简易的推广应用于其余各轨道车辆车型,这为轨道车辆的加垫调簧提供了理论支撑。

Adjusting wheel axle load to meet deviation requirements by adding cushions and adjusting springs is a time-consuming and laborious link of the train’s factory acceptance operation.Currently,the determination of positions and amounts of cushions for adjusting springs mainly depends on experience of operators,and there is no efficient and accurate algorithm as theoretical support.Here,a five-module floating train with special structure and complex loads was taken as the study object.Considering stiffness actions of articulation between carriages,primary rigid springs and secondary air springs,firstly,the equivalent model and mechanical model of the train were established.Then the springs adjustment algorithm flow path and the train spring adjustment model were given.Furthermore,various wheels’weight values measured on the weighing test platform were taken as inputs of the train spring adjustment model.Simulation annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm were used to seek optimization solutions to the model and provide two corresponding spring adjustment schemes.Finally,tasks of adding cushions and springs adjustment and weighing tests were performed for the train.The results showed that the algorithm index decreases from 5.52%to 1.99%and 1.82%,respectively,the maximum wheel weight deviation rate decreases from 4.13%to 1.93%and 1.6%,respectively,the maximum dynamic axis deviation rate decreases from 3.52%to 1.99%and 1.82%,and the maximum drag axis deviation rate decreases from 1.38%to 0.17%and 0.98%;as a whole,using the obtained springs adjustment scheme,the train wheel axle weight deviation can be adjusted only one time and meet the standard requirements to eliminate the need for disassembly and lifting of carriage body and bogie,significantly improve work efficiency and levelling accuracy;this method only needs to establish the corresponding joint stiffness matrix,and it can be easily extended and applied to other rail trains and models to provide theoretical support for cushion-adding and spring adjustment of rail vehicles.