国家资历框架建设的逻辑理路与实践指向

Logical and Practical Directions for the Construction of National Qualifications Framework

国家资历框架建设对完善服务全民终身学习的教育体系,推动学习型社会、学习型大国建设有着重要意义。资历框架建设不仅是教育理念对教育实践的有力指导,更是教育体系回应社会经济发展需要的政策选择。我国国家资历框架建设总体上仍然存在覆盖面窄、系统性弱、影响力小等问题,对标学习型社会建设的要求,存在较大差距。国家资历框架建设是一项全面、系统和复杂的工程,厘清资历范畴是基础,主要包括学历教育毕业证书、国家颁发或认可的资格证书、行业组织颁发的岗位资格证书和专业技术水平证书、非学历教育证书,先前学习成果认定等;明确构成要素是关键,采用学习结果和学习过程两个维度,知识、技能、能力、学习量和学习起点五个要素作为描述资历的要素;确定层级是重点,以现行学历教育体系为基本参照系,建立一个以完成小学教育为起点的七级资历框架体系。

The construction of national qualifications framework is a great significance in improving the education system that serves lifelong learning for all and in promoting the construction of a learning society and a learning nation.The construction of a qualifications framework is not only a powerful guidance of educational philosophy to educational practice,but also a policy choice for the education system to respond to the socio-economic development needs.In general,the construction of national qualifications framework in China still has problems,such as narrow coverage,weak systematization and small influence,and there is a big gap in meeting the requirements for constructing a learning society.The construction of national qualifications framework is a comprehensive,systematic and complex project,and clarifying the scope of qualifications is the foundation,which mainly includes academic education diploma,qualification certificates issued or recognized by the state,post qualification certificates and professional and technical level certificates issued by industrial organizations,non-academic education certificates,and the recognition of prior learning outcomes.This paper proposes that clarifying the constituent elements is the key,using the two dimensions of learning outcomes and learning process,and using the five elements of knowledge,skills,competence,amount of learning and starting point of learning as the elements for describing qualifications.Moreover,determining the levels is significant,and we should take the current academic education system as the basic reference system to establish a seven-level qualifications framework system starting from the completion of primary education.