区域中等职业教育效率的时空分异状态及其影响因素研究

Research on the Spatio-Temporal Differentiation and the Influencing Factors of the Efficiency of Regional Secondary Vocational Education

近年来,中央和地方在政策制定和资源投入方面都在加大对中等职业教育的支持,中等职业教育发展的内部条件和外部环境均得到极大优化。如何有效衡量区域中等职业教育效率的水平和研判未来发展趋向成为进一步促进中等职业教育发展的重要课题。通过超效率SBM模型、Malmquist指数和固定效应面板模型等方法,对河南省18个市2014—2019年的静态和动态中等职业教育效率进行测度,以此探讨区域中等职业教育效率水平的时空分异状态及其影响因素。目前,河南省中等职业教育效率整体处在较低水平,且区域间差异较大,各市中等职业教育发展不均衡问题较为突出;整体处于上升阶段,各市教育全要素生产率变异系数值波动较为平稳,综合效率变化对教育效率的贡献高于技术进步效率变化。中等职业教育全要素生产率重心位于河南省中南部,变动方向以南北为主,东西跨度相对较小,同时经济发展水平、经费投入、社会发展水平和人才培养质量是中等职业教育效率的主要影响因素,产业结构和师资力量对其影响不显著。因此,在中等职业教育的发展中要注重统筹规划,兼顾公平与效率,实施全面改革与创新,促进其在新时代背景下的稳定发展。

In recent years,the central and local governments have been increasing their support for secondary vocational education in terms of policy formulation and resource investment,and the internal conditions and external environment for the development of secondary vocational education have been greatly optimized.How to effectively measure the level of efficiency of regional secondary vocational education and examine the future development trends has become an important issue in further promoting the development of secondary vocational education.The static and dynamic efficiency of secondary vocational education in 18 cities of Henan Province from 2014 to 2019 is measured by the super-efficient SBM model,Malmquist index and fixed-effects panel model,so as to explore the spatio-temporal differentiation of the efficiency level of regional secondary vocational education and its influencing factors.Recently,the overall efficiency of secondary vocational education in Henan Province is at a lower level,and the regional distribution differences are significant,and the uneven development of secondary vocational education in various cities is more prominent;the whole is in an upward stage,and the value of the coefficient of variation of the total factor productivity of education in various cities fluctuates relatively steadily,and the comprehensive efficiency change contributes to the efficiency of education more than that of the efficiency change of technical progress.The center of gravity of total factor productivity in secondary vocational education is located in the south-central part of Henan Province,and the direction of change is mainly in the north-south,with a relatively small east-west span.Meanwhile,the level of economic development,financial input,the level of social development and the quality of talent cultivation are the main factors influencing the efficiency of secondary vocational education,and the influence of the industrial structure and faculty strength on it is not significant.Therefore,in developing secondary vocational education,it is necessary to pay attention to the overall planning,consider equity and efficiency,implement comprehensive reform and innovation,and promote its stable development in the context of the new era.