高考英语“语法填空”命题质量探究--基于2014-2023年全国卷的分析

Research on the Quality of Grammar Filling in the Blank in the National College Entrance Examination English Test--Based on the 2014-2023 National College Entrance Examination English Test Papers

为探究高考英语语法填空命题质量,本研究通过文本分析法、量化分析法从语篇输入和预期回答两方面对2014-2023年高考英语全国卷语法填空题展开详细的分析。结果显示,近十年的高考英语全国卷语法填空题具有较高的内容效度,命题质量也很高,具体来说:文本题材丰富多样;试题文本长度符合《考试说明》的要求;考点分布均衡,考点设置总体合理、科学。但同时也发现,试题在语篇类型、设空间距、考点层次、焦点因素等方面仍然存在值得商摊之处。基于此,文章提出命题应丰富试题的主题语境和语篇类型;避免设空间距过于密集或过于松散的现象;避免考点固化;避免过分应试猜题的做法;增加语篇层次考点和意义因素的考点等命题建议,以期进一步提高高考英语语法填空题的命题质量,为提高高考命题的科学性和合理性提供参考。

In order to explore the quality of English grammar blank filling questions in the college entrance examination,this study conducted a detailed survey on the grammar blank filling questions in the 2014-2023 national college entrance examination from two aspects:discourse input characteristics and expected response characteristics.The survey results show that the grammar test questions of the National College Entrance Examination English Test in the past ten years have high content validity and high quality.The subject matter of the text is rich and diverse;the length of the test question text meets the requirements of the Examination Instructions;having a good grasp of the amount of new words in the text;the selected discourse takes into account four major types of sentence paterns,with difficulty and ease,and a stable structure;the distribution of examination points is balanced,and the overall setting is reasonable and scientific.However,it was also found that there are still areas for discussion in terms of discourse type,fluctuation of text readability index,spatial distance,test point hierarchy,and focus factors.Based on this,the article proposes proposition suggestions such as enriching the thematic context and discourse type of the test question,preventing the phenomenon of too dense or too loose spatial spacing,controlling the fluctuation of the readability index of the test question text,preventing the solidification of test points,avoiding the practice of excessively answering and guessing questions,and increasing the number of test points for discourse level and meaning factors,in order to further improve the quality of the English grammar blank filling questions in the college entrance examination,to provide reference for improving the scientificity and rationality of college entrance examination questions.