论“三权分置”改革的意义和优化方向

Three Rights Division's Significance and Its Reform Direction

本文在对“两权分离”的弊端进行剖析的基础上,分析了“三权分置”的政策目标和实施情况,指出土地集体所有权主体地位逐渐增强、承包权主体弱化和新型农业经营主体(土地流转的流入方)地位凸显是当前三大特征,得到的结论是“三权分置”在总体上优越于“两权分离”,但是仍然有优化空间。文章结尾对如何优化“三权分置”提出了建议:科学界定村委会与村集体经济组织的关系、尊重“三权分置”的多种实践形式和降低流转交易成本。

The system for separating the ownership rights,contract rights,and management rights for rural land(Three Rights Division)is a great decision of CPC Central Committee.This paper firstly checks shortcomings of Two Rights Division(the system for separating the ownership rights,contract and management rights),then analyses Three Rights Division's policy objective and its implement effects,and points out that rural collective economic organizations and new types of agricultural businesses becoming enhanced,subjects of contracting right becoming recessive are obvious characteristics now.Even so,Three Rights Division is still superior to Two Rights Division,nevertheless,Three Rights Division,as a policy,has greater space for optimization.Finally this paper gives three suggestions to optimize Three Rights Division as follows:to define village self-government organizations and rural collective economic organizations in a scientific way,to put up with diversified forms of Three Rights Division,and to reduce transaction cost of land conversion.