考虑黄河水沙丰枯变化的小浪底水库调水调沙优化研究

Study on the Optimization of Water and Sediment Regulation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir Considering the Change of Wet⁃Dry Water and Sediment in the Yellow River

新时期黄河水沙情势巨变,水库及河道边界条件也发生重大调整,小浪底水库调水调沙需要进一步创新和优化,以便持续发挥其效益。在黄河中游潼关站实测百年水沙系列分析的基础上,提出来水量较多年平均值偏多30%、偏少30%作为丰水年、枯水年的判别标准。对小浪底水库排沙和下游河道输沙规律的分析表明:丰水年具有冲刷能力强和输沙潜力大的优势,水库可多排沙;枯水年具有冲刷能力弱和输沙潜力小的劣势,水库可少排沙。进一步提出考虑黄河来水来沙丰、平、枯变化的小浪底水库调水调沙优化运用方式,采用2000年以来实测水沙系列,分析优化运用方式在当前水沙情势下的适用性。结果表明:优化运用方式可在不淤积下游河道的基础上延长水库拦沙年限8 a,减少水库淤积量8.18亿m3,提高水库多年平均日蓄水量3.99亿m3。

The water and sediment situation of the Yellow River has changed dramatically in the new era,and the boundary conditions of the reservoir and river channel have also undergone major adjustments.The water and sediment regulation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir needs to be further innovated and optimized to give full play to its benefits.On the basis of the analysis of the measured water and sediment series at Tongguan Station in the middle reaches of the Yellow River for a hundred years,the criteria for distinguishing the wet and dry years could be taken,of which the water amount was 30%higher and 30%lower than that of the average value.The analysis of the laws of sediment dis-charge of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir and sediment transport in the lower reaches shows that wet years have the advantages of strong scouring ca-pacity and large sediment transport potential and dry years have the disadvantages of weak scouring capacity and small sediment transport po-tential.The optimized operation mode of water and sediment regulation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir,which took into account the changes of the incoming water and sediment from the Yellow River was further proposed.The applicability of the optimized operation mode under the cur-rent water and sediment situation was analyzed by using the measured water and sediment series since 2000.The results show that the opti-mized operation mode can extend the sediment retention period of the reservoir for 8 years and reduce the siltation volume of the reservoir by 818 million m3 on the basis of not silting the downstream channel,also increase the average daily storage capacity of the reservoir by 399 mil-lion m3.