裂分适配体传感器在小分子检测领域中的应用

Application of split aptamers-based sensors for the detection of small molecules

裂分适配体(SPA)传感器是由2条或以上的寡核苷酸序列组装而成的一种新型生物传感装置。该装置必须在特异性靶标诱导下才能被成功组装,可以避免假阳性结果,故具有高度的特异性和灵敏度。SPA适用于各类型靶标的检测,尤其是小分子靶标,展现了极大的优势和潜力。然而,SPA传感器的开发及应用也极具挑战性,特别是如何改善SPA-靶标复合体的稳定性是目前主要难点。本文对SPA、裂分策略及其应用于小分子检测的研究现状进行了综述,以期为开发新型灵敏且特异的适配体传感器提供思路。

The split aptamers(SPAs)-based sensors is a novel kind of biosensors,assembled by two or more oligonucleotides in the presence of specific targets.To be successfully assembled,the sensor has to be induced by a specific target,which can aviod false-positive results and thus has a high degree of specificity and sensitivity.SPAs are suitable for the detection of various targets and show great advantages and potential in the development of aptasensors,especially for the detection of small molecules.However,the development and application of SPA-based sensors still remain challenging.Currently,the major difficulty is how to improve the stability of SPA-target complexes.Herein,this review summarizes the SPAs,strategies of spliting aptamers,and their applications in the detection of small molecules,aiming to provide new ideas for the development of novel,sensitive,and specific aptasensors.