西方科学研究方法应用的本土化逻辑——以《谈天》为考察样本

The Localization Logic of the Application of Western Scientific Research Method——Take Tantian as the Sample

《谈天》蕴含着四种科学方法。“细测屡测”方法的主要特征是坚持数学精确性、反复观测和不断试错的方法论原则。“归纳一致”是指从两个不同事实类出发的“归纳链”应导致同一结论,其关键是保持理论各部分的相互支持。“假说方法”则是通过提出大胆猜测,从而建立先前没有联系的事实之间的相互关系,而假说的真理性是由归纳一致来保证的。“苟求其故”是基于某些基本原理对产生某种现象的原因做出解释的科学方法,它类似于西方寻求因果联系的方法。《谈天》在推进西方科学方法本土化方面起到了重要作用。

Tantian contains four scientific methods.The main characteristic of“careful observation and multiplying observations”is insist on accuracy,repeated observation and mathematical principle of continuous trial and error method.“Consilience of inductions”means starting from the fact that two different kind of inductive chain should lead to the same conclusion,the key is to keep the theory support.“Method of hypothesis”is to establish the interrelationships between previously unrelated facts by proposing bold guesses.The truth of hypothesis is guaranteed by consilience of inductions.“Seeking for the reason”is a scientific method for explaining the causes of a phenomenon on the basis of some fundamental principles.It is similar to the western method for seeking causal links.Tantian plays an important role in promoting the localization of western scientific methods.