抗战时期马克思主义史学家翦伯赞的南明史研究及其现实意义

The Study and Realistic Significance of the Nanming Dynasty by the Marxist Historian Jian Bozan during the Anti-Japanese War Period

翦伯赞的南明史研究是在严峻的政治环境中展开的。面对外敌入侵和国民党内耗的双重压力,翦伯赞于1940—1945年间撰写了多篇南明史论著,分别探讨了南明三个政权的兴亡教训。他用马克思主义的阶级分析方法,对南明时期的社会阶层进行划分,旗帜鲜明地肯定下层农民起义军的历史功绩,指出南明的成功和坚持是由于李自成和张献忠农民军余部的作用,猛烈批判了南明政府的腐朽,将南明的失败和覆亡归咎于南明帝王、官僚和将军的无能。这实则是在衬托延安中国共产党的价值和坚韧,影射重庆国民政府的腐朽与无能。虽然在研究过程中存在史料缺乏、比附不当等瑕疵,但因其强烈的现实意义和力图冲破国民党文化围剿的反抗精神而成为独特的时代丰碑。

Jian Bozan’s research on the history of the Nanming Dynasty was carried out in a severe political environment.Facing the dual pressure of foreign enemy invasion and the internal friction of the Kuomintang,Jian Bozan wrote a number of works on the history of Nanming from 1940 to 1945,discussing the lessons of the rise and fall of the three regimes of Nanming.He used the Marxist class analysis method to divide the social strata during the Nanming period,and clearly affirmed the historical achievements of the lower-level peasant uprising army.He pointed out that Nanming’s success and persistence was due to the role of Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong’s remaining peasant army.He violently criticized the corruption of the Nanming government,and blamed the failure and fall of Nanming on the incompetence of the Nanming emperor,bureaucrats and generals.This is actually setting off the value and tenacity of the Communist Party of China in Yan’an,and alluding to the corruption and incompetence of the Chongqing National Government.Although there are defects such as lack of historical data and improper attachment in the research process,it has become a unique era monument because of its strong practical significance and the spirit of resistance to break through the cultural encirclement and suppression of Kuomintang.