《民法典》第992条的法理阐释与规范意蕴

The Jurisprudence Interpretation and Normative Implication of Article 992 of the Civil Code

人格权的本质在于其伦理性与社会性,由此包含个体人格和社会人格的双重面相,既强调人格利益中的精神利益,也承认其中的财产利益。“人格权不得放弃、转让与继承”表现出权利专属性的特点,但其本质在于伦理性而非社会性。《民法典》第992条居于重要的体系地位,外在体系上衔接《民法典》总则编和人格权编,内在体系上提供人格权规范体系构建的价值指引。该项规范属于行为规范、效力性的禁止性规范,由此“人格权放弃、转让与继承”的行为效力需要结合《民法典》第153条做出判断,且在物质性人格权和精神性人格权的适用上存在分野。《民法典》第992条的适用范围及于具体人格权和一般人格权,对人格利益的适用应当坚持以精神利益为主导的原则。商事人格权作为民法的人格权类型,其本质在于获得市场的公正评价,在权利转让和继承方面存在特殊性,但仍应遵循人格权的本质属性。

The essence of personality rights lies in ethics and sociality,which includes the dual aspects of individual personality and social personality.It not only emphasizes the spiritual interests of the personality interests,but also recognizes the property interests in it."Personality rights may not be waived,transferred or inherited"shows the characteristics of the exclusivity of rights,but its essence is still ethical rather than sociality.Article 992 of the Civil Code occupies an important institutional position.It connects the general provisions of the Civil Code and the personality rights in the external system,and provides the value guide for the construction of the personality rights normative system in the internal system.This norm is a code of conduct and a prohibition norm,so the effect of"renunciation,transfer and inheritance of personality rights"needs to be judged in combination with Article 153 of the Civil Code,and there is a difference in the application of material personality rights and spiritual personality rights.The scope of application of Article 992 of the Civil Code extends to specific personality rights and general personality rights,and the application of personality interests should adhere to the principle of taking spiritual interests as the leading factor.In addition,as a type of personality rights in civil law,the essence of commercial personality rights is to obtain a fair evaluation from the market,and there are particularities in the transfer and inheritance of rights.