美国研究型大学教师薪酬特征、策略与影响因素研究

The Research on the Characteristics,Strategies and Influencing Factors of Faculty Compensation in American Research Universities

美国研究型大学能够始终保持雄厚的高等教育实力并处于世界大学发展前列和其拥有顶尖的教师队伍关系密切,而能够吸引和留住人才的薪酬体系是其葆有人才的重要支撑点。美国研究型大学教师整体薪酬较高,教师薪酬支出占学校总支出比例高;教师薪酬存在地域、学科和性别差异;教师薪酬受学校层次、属性和教师职称影响。美国研究型大学奉行薪酬理念先行、依据市场调节、薪酬梯级设置、注重内部公平的薪酬策略。治理体系的影响、管理机制的决定、竞争环境的驱动以及行业协会的规范是影响美国研究型大学教师薪酬制定的重要因素。

The reason why American research universities can always maintain their strength and the top places in the world is closely related to their top-level faculty.The compensation system is an im-portant supporting pillar to attract and retain talent.Overall,faculty compensation in American re-search universities is relatively high,and so is the proportion of faculty salary expenditure in the total expenditure of the university.There are regional,disciplinary and gender differences in faculty compen-sation.School attributes and faculty members'professional titles affect the compensation level.The strategies adopted by American research universities include:advancing the philosophical idea of com-pensation,relying on market moderation,setting a salary ladder,and emphasizing internal fairness.The governance system,management mechanisms,competitive environment,and the norms set by the industry associations are the influential factors guiding American research universities in setting up the compensation system for their faculty.