论历史剧的“文本性”——以四部《王昭君》的互文解读为中心

On the“Textuality”of History Plays:Centred around Intertextual Interpretation of Four Productions of Wang Zhaojun

以郭沫若、汪曾祺、曹禺和郑怀兴的同题剧作《王昭君》为中心,充分关联作者意图与时代背景、文本效果与演出反响、同时代评论与历时性研究,有助于深入理解历史剧的“文本性”。历史剧的文本性由诸多因素所共同决定,其中最重要的因素是戏剧的本体特征、古为今用和对待历史真实的态度。历史剧的“彻底解放”,不是指剧作家能够享有任意虚构的艺术特权,而是指他们在充分认识到诸多限制之后,再以强大的思想主体性和艺术表现力穿透这些限制,从而体会到真正的思维乐趣与艺术自由。

This article focuses on four productions,under the same title of Wang Zhaojun,written respectively by Guo Moruo,Wang Zengqi,Cao Yu and Zheng Huaixing.This article combines the dramatist's intention with his social background,textual effects and performance reception,contemporary comments and diachronic studies to achieve an in-depth understanding of the“textuality”of history plays.The textuality of history plays is determined by many factors,the most important of which is the ontological characteristics of drama,the use of the past to serve the present,and the dramatist's attitude towards historical truth.The“complete liberation”of history plays does not mean that the dramatist can enjoy the artistic privilege of arbitrary fabrication,but that,after full recognition,he can penetrate the limitations with strong ideological subjectivity and artistic expression,so as to realize the genuine fun of critical thinking and artistic freedom.