现有溶酶体分离纯化技术的对比、分析和应用

Comparison,Analysis and Application of the Existing Lysosomal Isolation and Purification Methods

溶酶体作为真核细胞中重要的细胞器,不仅是降解内外源物质的场所,也是细胞能量感知和调节的中心,能够协调细胞物质的转运、代谢和分泌。溶酶体稳态失衡会导致许多疾病,如溶酶体贮积症、肿瘤、免疫缺陷和神经退行性疾病。获得完整、高纯度的溶酶体是研究其微观结构、稳态调控和相关分子功能的重要前提。目前常用的溶酶体分离纯化技术包括离心分离纯化、荧光辅助细胞器分选、亲和免疫分离纯化、磁性纳米颗粒分离纯化和Lyso-IP等。该文综述现有溶酶体分离纯化技术的原理、特点和应用,并对它们进行对比分析。

Lysosomes,as important organelles in eukaryotic cells,are not only the site of degradation of endogenous and exogenous substances,but also the center of cellular energy sensing and regulation,and are capable of coordinating the transport,metabolism and secretion of cellular substances.An imbalance in lysosomal homeostasis can lead to many diseases,such as lysosomal storage disorders,tumors,immunodeficiency and neurodegenerative diseases.Obtaining complete and highly pure lysosomes is an important prerequisite for the study of their microstructure,homeostatic regulation and related molecular functions.Currently,commonly used lysosomal isolation and purification techniques include centrifugal isolation and purification,fluorescence-assisted organelle sorting,affinity immunopurification,magnetic nanoparticle isolation and purification,and Lyso-IP.This article reviews the principles,characteristics and applications of the existing lysosomal purification techniques,and makes a comparative analysis of them.