不可抗力事件下我国民办园纾困政策文本分析——基于政策精准视角下2020年全国38份政策文本分析

Analysis of the relief policy text for private parks in China under force majeure events——Analysis of 38 national policy texts in 2020 from the perspective of policy precision

不可抗力事件具有不可预见性、不可避免性、不可克服性等特点,当其影响到学校教育正常开展时,需要相关的政策来帮助学校复课复育。本研究利用Nvivo12软件及相关数据分析软件,从政策目标、政策主体、政策客体、政策工具四个维度,对我国1份中央、15份省或直辖市、20份地级市、1份市辖区和1份特别行政区共38份民办园纾困政策进行统计分析。研究发现,多元化的政策颁布主体是当前显现的趋势,存在着政策客体受益少,政策工具使用不足或过溢,政策目标与政策工具契合性不高等问题。因此,本研究建议精准界定政策主客体,优化协调政策工具,有效保障幼儿园师资稳定与资源供给,降低疫情期间幼儿园运营成本,促进民办园健康可持续发展。

Force majeure events have the characteristics of unpredictability,inevitability,and insurmountability.When they affect the normal development of school education,relevant policies are needed to help schools resume classes and education.This study uses Nvivo12 software and related data analysis software to statistically analyze a total of 38 private school relief policies from one central government,15 provinces or municipalities directly under the central government,20 prefectures,one municipal district,and one special administrative region in China in four dimensions:policy goals,policy subjects,policy objects,and policy tools.The study found that diversified policy enactment subjects are the current trend,policy objects benefit less,policy tools are under-used or over-spill,and policy objectives and policy tools do not fit well together.Therefore,this study suggests that it is necessary to define the policy subjects and objects precisely and coordinate the use of policy tools optimally to effectively guarantee the stability and resource supply of kindergarten teachers,reduce the operating costs of kindergartens during the epidemic,and promote the healthy and sustainable development of private kindergartens.