“三生空间”视角下长三角城市群土地利用转型生态环境效应时空分异及驱动力

Spatio-temporal Differentiation and Driving Forces of Eco-Environmental Effects of Land Use Transformation in Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone:A Perspective of"Production-Living-Ecological"Spaces

以“长三角”城市群国土空间作为研究对象,利用1980、2000、2020年遥感影像数据,以生产、生活和生态功能作为切入点,通过土地利用转移矩阵、生态环境质量指数等方法测度了1980~2020年“长三角”城市群土地利用转型模式、生态环境质量的时空分异特征,并运用地理探测器模型探测该地区生态环境质量的驱动机制。结果表明:(1)1980~2020年“长三角”城市群“三生”空间分异显著。生产、生活用地集中分布于长江流域冲击平原区和东北部沿海一带,其中生产用地整体呈缩减趋势,生活用地快速增加并呈扩张态势;生态用地主要分布于皖南和浙北丘陵山区和冲击平原地带。(2)“长三角”城市群生态环境质量在时间上经历了先减少再增加的“U”形演变过程,2000年生态环境质量最低;在空间上呈“南高北低”的空间分布格局。形成了以盐城市、泰州市、南通市和上海市为中心的生态环境质量恶化区、长江流域的带状中等质量区和以杭州市为中心的浙北、皖南生态环境质量高质量区。(3)土地开发强度(X_(16))、政策重视程度(X_(17))、社会固定资产投资(X_(9))、单位面积粮食产量(X_(10))、城市绿地面积(X_(15))、碳排放量(X_(13))和城镇化率(X_(6))等因素是“长三角”城市群生态环境质量的主要影响因素。

This study measured the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of land use transformation patterns and ecological environment quality in the“Yangtze River Delta”urban agglomeration from 1980 to 2020,using the methods of land use transfer matrix and ecological environment quality index.The remote sensing image data in 1980,2000,and 2020 were used.Apart from that,the driving mechanism of the ecological environment quality in this region was explored by adopting geographic detector model.The results show that:(1)the“three lives”of the“Yangtze River Delta”urban agglomeration demonstrated a significant spatial differentiation from 1980 to 2020.Production and living land were concentrated in the Yangtze River Basin floodplain and the northeast coastal areas,with an overall decrease trend in production land and a rapid increase in living land in terms of an expanding trend.Ecological land mainly distributed in the hilly and mountainous areas of southern Anhui and northern Zhejiang and the floodplain zone.(2)The ecological environment quality of the“Yangtze River Delta”urban agglomeration experienced a“U-shaped”evolution process of decreasing and increasing over time,with the lowest quality in 2000.In general,a spatial distribution pattern of“high quality in the south and low quality in the north”was indicated.In particular,a low-quality area centered in Yancheng,Taizhou,Nantong,and Shanghai,a median-quality area in a belt shape in the Yangtze River Basin,and a high-quality area centered in Hangzhou of northern Zhejiang and southern Anhui.(3)Factors of land development intensity(X_(16)),policy attention level(X_(17)),fixed asset investment in society(X_(9)),unit area grain yield(X_(10)),urban green area(X_(15)),carbon emissions(X_(13)),and urbanization rate(X_(6))were the main ones influencing ecological environment quality in the“Yangtze River Delta”urban agglomeration.