扬弃民族国家:马克思世界市场理论新探

Sublation of the Nation-State:A New Exploration of Marx's World Market Theory

马克思的世界市场理论存在着对民族国家的扬弃。通过对古典经济学自由贸易思想的批判,马克思形成了其从属于资本主义历史意义的世界市场理论,从理论上揭示了民族国家在生产条件及社会发展上的差异,对建构世界市场的基础性意义;通过对世界市场拓展进程的历史分析,马克思揭示了世界市场如何助推传统民族国家向现代民族国家转变,并展现了民族国家可以借助不同的贸易政策来建构并巩固国际分工秩序,进而发展为现代民族国家体系的可能性。马克思以及马克思主义传统构想了世界市场超越民族国家的可能性,初步论证了非西方国家必须通过社会革命来获得其国家及民族的独立,并利用世界市场实现其国家及民族的发展。

Marx's world market contains the sublation of the nation-state.By criticizing the free trade theory of classical economics,Marx formed his world market theory bearing the historical significance of capitalism.In theory,Marx revealed the fundamental significance of the differences of nation-states in the production conditions and social development to the construction of the world market.Through the historical analysis of the expansion of the world market,Marx revealed how the world market facilitated the transformation of the traditional nation-state into the modern nation-state,and how the nation-state constructed and consolidated the international division of labor order through different trade policies,while developing into the modern nation-state system.Marx and the Marxist tradition further conceived the possibility of the world market surpassing the nation-state,and preliminarily argued that non-Western countries must obtain national independence through social revolution,and use the world market to realize their national development.