固有免疫对宿主SARS-CoV-2感染和病毒复制的影响

Influence of the innate immunity on SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in host

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)是目前全球广泛流行的病毒。SARS-CoV-2主要导致肺部感染,同时也涉及机体各个系统的损害。SARS-CoV-2在社区可迅速感染各年龄段、各种民族和不同性别的人群。不良预后与特定的宿主因素有关,如遗传、年龄或性别等。同时2019冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)的固有免疫所特有的生物标志物与疾病的危重症有关。已知COVID-19危重症与固有免疫功能失调有关,如IFN、IL-1和趋化因子失调等。宿主因素和固有免疫的改变与获得感染和疾病进程密切相关。该文将回顾针对SARS-CoV-2感染的固有免疫应答以及参与促进和加重感染的宿主因素的研究结果,深入了解固有免疫和宿主影响因素的病理生理机制,这对建立COVID-19的诊断标志物和制订治疗策略有着重要意义。

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is the virus causing the major pandemic in the world today.In addition to lung infection,SARS-CoV-2 also causes a variety of symptoms that have systemic impact on the host.SARS-CoV-2 is able to spread rapidly in communities and infect people of all ages,races,and genders.However,adverse outcomes have been linked to specific host factors such as genetic,age,or gender.The severity of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is associated with a dysfunctional innate immunity and IFN,IL-1,and chemokine,etc.may serve as biomarkers.Host factors and innate immunity changes closely correlate with the acquisition of the infection and the development of the diseases.This review summarizes the innate immune response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the host factors involved in the facilitation and progression of the infection.This review provides a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of host factors and innate immunity which is a prerequisite for the development of diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies targeting COVID-19.