欧盟低碳经济发展实践经验及对中国的启示

The Practical Experience of Low-Carbon Economic Development in the European Union and Its Implications for China

发展低碳经济是应对全球气候变化和加强环境治理的必由之路,而欧盟作为较早践行低碳发展并成功实现绿色转型的经济体,其发展经验值得我国借鉴。文章通过对欧盟低碳经济发展实践经验的深度剖析发现:欧盟整体于1990年已实现碳达峰,之后其单位GDP能源消耗和二氧化碳排放量均不断降低,能源生产率和可再生能源消费占比均不断提升,充分表明欧盟低碳经济发展较为成功;欧盟低碳经济的成功主要源于其在制度、技术、资金、民众参与和国际协作等方面所采取的一系列积极有效措施。相比较而言,我国低碳经济发展起步较晚且存在高碳能源消费结构不合理、低碳政策体系不完善、低碳技术相对落后、资金缺口较大以及公众低碳意识不够等问题。未来,我国应积极借鉴欧盟经验,在顶层制度设计、低碳技术研发与应用、财政金融资金支持、引导全民参与低碳经济转型及参与全球低碳发展合作等方面持续发力,以确保如期实现“双碳”目标。

Developing low-carbon economy is the inevitable way to cope with global climate change and strengthen environmental governance,the European Union as an economy that practiced low-carbon development earlier and successfully achieved green transformation,its development experience is worthy of China's reference.Through in-depth analysis of the long-term development process of low-carbon economy in the EU,the paper finds that:the EU reached the carbon peak in 1990,after which the energy consumption per unit GDP and carbon dioxide emissions have been decreasing,and the proportion of energy productivity and renewable energy consump-tion have been increasing,which fully demonstrates that the development of low-carbon economy in the EU is rela-tively successful;The successful development of the EU low-carbon economy is mainly due to a series of positive measures taken in terms of five directions of institutional support,technical support,financial support,public par-ticipation and international cooperation.In contrast,China's low-carbon economic development started relatively late and faced a lot of problems,such as unreasonable energy consumption structure,imperfect low-carbon policg system,relatively backword low-carbon technology,large funding gap and insufficient public awareness of low-carbon.In the future,in order to realize the dual-carbon goal as scheduled,China should actively learn from the experience of the EU and contitue to make efforts in the top-level system design,research and application of low-carbon technologies,financial and monetary support,participation of all in transformation guidance,participation in the global low-carbon development cooperation,and so on.