汉语两类领属关系结构的语义限制及语用后果

The Semantic Restrictions and Pragmatic Consequences of Genitive Relative Clauses in Chinese

现代汉语中的主语领有者可以有条件地实现关系化,形成领属关系结构。本文首先从“N_(属)+Adj+的+N_(领)”格式出发,讨论N_(属)语义对于该结构合格性的影响。这类结构中的N_(属)通常具有无生性和抽象性,或者部分N_(属)和N_(领)具有空间上的附着关系。这三项语义特征可以加强N_(属)对N_(领)的依存关系,使N_(属)和N_(领)更容易处于同一认知框架下,从而形成合格的关系结构。而在“N_(属)+VP+的+N_(领)”类的领属关系句中,N_(属)可以不受这种语义约束,由个体性更强的名词承担。“N_(属)+Adj+的+N_(领)”和“N_(属)+VP+的+N_(领)”两类领属关系小句在语篇分布上有明显差异,前者属于描写性修饰语,而后者属于区别性修饰语。区别性的语用功能可以使关系小句突破各种句法语义限制,形成合法结构。

ion and location all demonstrate the dependency of possessors and possessees,which makes the N_(possessee)and the N_(possessor)merge into the same cognitive framework.Besides,in another type of genitive relative clauses:N_(possessee)+VP+de+N_(possessor),the possessee is not necessary to be constrained to the three semantic features,which reveals that the restriction of genitive relative clauses can be interpreted pragmatically as well.