基于GGE双标图的北方旱寒区冬油菜适应性分析

Adaptability analysis of winter rapeseed(Brassica rapa L.)indrought-cold regions of northern China based on GGE biplot

为评判白菜型冬油菜品种(系)的抗寒性以及在北方地区越冬的稳定性和适应性,对北方11个省(区、市)两年25个试点43点次试验的12个白菜型冬油菜品种的越冬率进行了GGE双标图法分析。结果表明,品种效应为55.12%,远远大于环境效应和品种与环境互作效应,为环境效应、品种与环境互作效应的2.5倍,因此,北方旱寒区冬油菜生产关键是选择超强抗寒品种。陇油6号、7号和12号品种抗寒性优良、越冬率稳定、广适性好,以‘陇油6号’和‘陇油7号’为最佳。GGE双标图分析还表明,本试验25个试点除祁县和天水两个试点外,其余试点对白菜型冬油菜品种抗寒性的鉴别力均较好,可作为北方冬油菜抗寒性鉴定的试点,以泾源、临河和靖边为最佳试点。同时将所有试点划分成不同的生态区,并筛选出了适宜不同生态区的特异适应性品种。‘陇油6号’和‘陇油7号’适于在参试的所有试点栽培;‘07皋兰DQW-1-3’和‘07兰州MXW-1-3’适于在拉萨、酒泉、定州、顺义、延边等地栽培;‘06468’适于在天水栽培。本研究表明,品种效应对冬油菜越冬率的影响占主导地位,但环境效应和品种与环境互作效应对冬油菜越冬率的影响也占较大比重,故在北方旱寒区冬油菜生产中,要综合考虑品种、环境及品种与环境互作效应,因地制宜地选择适宜地区以及不同地区的种植品种,才能保证其安全越冬。

This research mainly evaluated the index of cold resistance including capability,stability and adaptability of winter turnip rape(Brassica rapa L.)in northern China by using GGE Biplot(genotype and genotype by environment interaction)analysis based on the data of over wintering rates of 43 tests in 25 environments of northern China’s 11 Provinces(Autonomous Regions,Cities)within two years continuously.The result showed that cultivar effect was 55.12%,which was 2.5 times of environment effect,cultivar-environment interaction effect respectively.Therefore,it was concluded that selecting varieties of super cold resistance played the outstanding role in the production of winter rapeseeds(Brassica rapa L.)in drought-cold regions of northern China.The cold-resistant capability and adaptability of‘Longyou 6’and‘Longyou 7’indicated they were the best among 12 winter rapeseeds(Brassica rapa L.)cultivars.GGE double plotting analysis also showed that except Qixian and Tianshui,the other 25 pilot sites had good discrimination of cold resistance of cabbage winter rape varieties,which could be used as a pilot project for cold resistance identification of northern winter rape,with Jingyuan,Linhe and Jingbian as the best pilot sites.However,different sets(ecological regions)had various ecological conditions significantly,so these regions had specific requirements for their special cultivar’s adaptability.‘Longyou 6’and‘Longyou 7’adapt to all the pilot cultivation tested;‘07 Gaolan DQW-1-3’and‘07 Lanzhou MXW-1-3’are suitable for cultivation in Lhasa,Jiuquan,Dingzhou,Shunyi,Yanbian and other places.‘06468’is suitable for cultivation in Tianshui.This study showed that the variety effect played a leading role in the winter rape overwintering rate,but the environmental effect and the interaction between variety and environment also account for a large proportion of the winter rape overwintering rate,so in the northern winter rapeseeds(Brassica rapa L.)production,it was necessary to comprehensively consider the variety,environment and the interaction between variety and environment,and select suitable areas and varieties in different areas according to local conditions in order to ensure safe winter.