不同盐碱胁迫条件下PAM施用深度对藜麦生长及产量的影响

Effects of PAM application depth on the growth and yield of quinoa under different salt-alkali stress

以‘陇藜4号’为试验材料,采用根管土柱栽培的方式,研究了不同程度盐碱胁迫(S1:轻度盐碱胁迫;S2:中度盐碱胁迫;S3:重度盐碱胁迫)条件下土壤调理剂PAM施用深度(PAM_(0-10):距地表0~10 cm;PAM_(10-20):距地表10~20 cm;PAM_(20-30):距地表20~30 cm;PAM_(0-30):距地表0~30 cm)对藜麦根系生长、叶片渗透调节物质含量、植株生物量及产量的影响。结果表明:在PAM施用深度为0~10 cm时,轻度盐胁迫处理藜麦的根长、生物量及产量指标较对照组(S0:不加入盐碱和PAM)分别高出35.71%、15.48%和4.60%,表明藜麦具有较强的耐盐能力。当盐碱胁迫增加到一定程度(S2和S3处理)时,藜麦的形态指标有显著下降趋势,与对照组处理相比重度盐胁迫藜麦的根长、生物量下降幅度最大,平均分别下降了53.72%和62.99%,但在同等重度盐碱胁迫程度时,PAM_(0-10)处理能够缓解盐碱对藜麦生长产生的胁迫作用,与对照组相比藜麦的根长和生物量分别降低了39.31%和45.42%。综合各项指标,盐碱胁迫条件下不同PAM施用方式对藜麦各生长指标的影响均表现为表层集中施用(PAM_(0-10))处理的效果最佳(P<0.05)。隶属函数分析显示,不同处理对藜麦生长的缓解程度表现为:S1>S2>S3,PAM_(0-10)>PAM_(0-30)>PAM_(10-20)>PAM_(20-30),说明在实际栽培过程中采用表层(0~10 cm)集中施用PAM的方式对盐碱胁迫下藜麦生长的缓解效果最为明显。

Taking Longli No.4 as the experimental material,the effects of soil conditioner PAM application depth(PAM_(0-10):0~10 cm from the surface,PAM_(10-20):10~20 cm from the surface,PAM_(20-30):20~30 cm from the surface,PAM_(0-30):0~30 cm from the surface)on the root growth,leaf osmotic adjustment substance content,plant biomass and yield of quinoa under different degrees of saline-alkali stress(S1:mild saline-alkali stress,S2:moderate saline-alkali stress,S3:severe saline-alkali stress)were studied by root canal soil column cultivation.The results showed that when the depth of PAM application was 0~10 cm,the root length,biomass and yield indexes of quinoa under mild salt stress were 35.71%,15.48%and 4.60%higher than those of the control group(S0:no saline-alkali and PAM),respectively,indicating that quinoa did have strong salt tolerance.When the saline-alkali stress increased to a certain extent(S2 and S3 treatment),the morphological indexes of quinoa showed a significant downward trend.Compared with the control group,the root length and biomass of quinoa under severe saline-alkali stress decreased the most,which decreased by 53.72%and 62.99%respectively.However,under the same degree of severe saline-alkali stress,PAM_(0-10) treatment could alleviate the stress effect of saline-alkali on the growth of quinoa.Compared with the control group,the root length and biomass indexes of quinoa decreased by 39.31%and 45.42%,respectively.Based on the comprehensive indexes,the effects of different PAM application methods on the growth indexes of quinoa under different saline-alkali stress conditions showed that the effect of surface centralized application(PAM_(0-10))was the best(P<0.05).The membership function analysis showed that the growth of quinoa was alleviated under different treatment conditions as follows:S1>S2>S3,PAM_(0-10)>PAM_(0-30)>PAM_(10-20)>PAM_(20-30),indicating that in the actual cultivation process,the method of concentrated application of PAM(0~10 cm)on the surface layer had the most obvious mitigation effect on the growth of quinoa under saline-alkali stress.