竹叶花椒-飞龙掌血嫁接树表型及生理性状的抗旱响应

Phenotypic and physiological drought resistance responses of Zanthoxylum armatum-Toddalia Asiatica grafted tree

为探究飞龙掌血作砧木嫁接竹叶花椒后的抗旱响应机制,以飞龙掌血、竹叶花椒实生树及两者嫁接树为研究对象,对比分析其根系特征、叶片解剖结构、光合色素及生理指标上的差异,并测定产量。结果表明:飞龙掌血1年生实生苗根系各指标均显著高于竹叶花椒;嫁接树叶片栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度相比竹叶花椒显著增加了46.57%和35.38%,栅海比和叶肉紧密度分别提高了9.24%和21.82%;与竹叶花椒相比,嫁接树叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素的含量各显著增加了13.5%、87.3%和33.5%;同时,嫁接树叶片的SOD和POD活性相比竹叶花椒分别提高了22.1%和6.4%,MDA含量降低了4.6%;叶片各光合色素含量与栅栏组织厚度呈显著正相关关系,而MDA含量与其余指标呈显著负相关关系(除海绵组织厚度以外);嫁接树的单位投影面积产量相比竹叶花椒提高了34.1%。可见,该嫁接组合可以应用于竹叶花椒抗旱砧木的选育和推广实践。

To explore the drought resistance mechanism of Toddalia asiatica as rootstock grafting Zanthoxylum armatum,the differences in root characteristics,leaf anatomical structure,photosynthetic pigment and physiological indexes of T.asiatica,Z.armatum and their grafted tree were compared and analyzed,and the yield was measured.The results showed that each index of 1-year-old T.asiatica seedlings root system was significantly higher than Z.armatum.Comparing to Z.armatum,the thickness of palisade tissue and spongy tissue of grafted tree leaf increased by 46.57%and 35.38%,and the palisade spongy ratio and the compactness of mesophyll increased by 9.24%and 21.82%.The thickness of grafted tree palisade tissue and sponge tissue were significantly increased compared to Z.armatum,and the palisade spongy ratio and the compactness of mesophyll were also significantly improved.The contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoid in grafted tree leaves were significantly increased by 13.5%,87.3%and 33.5%compared with Z.armatum.Meanwhile,the activities of SOD and POD were respectively increased by 22.1%and 6.4%,and the content of MDA was decreased by 4.6%.The correlation analysis showed that the content of photosynthetic pigments was significantly positively correlated with the thickness of palisade tissue,while the content of MDA was significantly negatively correlated with the rest of the indicators,except for sponge tissue thickness.The yield results showed that the yield per unit projected area of the grafted tree was 34.1%higher than that of Z.armatum.In conclusion,the grafting combination can be applied to the breeding and popularization of drought-resistant rootstock of Z.armatum.