棘孢木霉对向日葵幼苗抗氧化酶活性及菌核病防效的影响

Effects of Trichoderma asperellum on antioxidant enzyme activity of sunflower seedlings and control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

试验于2021年5—8月,采用筛选出的对向日葵菌核病菌有较好拮抗作用的棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum 581,通过盆栽试验,测定不同施用浓度对向日葵幼苗生长、抗氧化酶活性以及对向日葵菌核病防效的影响。结果显示:T.asperellum 581不同施用浓度均能提高对向日葵菌核病的防效,以T3(即木霉菌处理浓度为1×10^(5)个·mL^(-1))应用效果最好,对向日葵菌核病的防效达到98.77%。与CK1(即只利用向日葵菌核病菌灌根且不施用木霉悬浮液)相比,T.asperellum 581不同施用浓度均能提高向日葵幼苗株高、茎粗、全株鲜质量和根冠比,以T3处理对向日葵幼苗形态建成和物质积累的促进效果最好,株高、茎粗、全株鲜质量、全株干质量、根冠比和壮苗指数分别比CK1提高64.71%、193.55%、99.15%、188.24%、50.00%、416.67%;T.asperellum 581不同施用浓度均能提高向日葵幼苗叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,以T3处理对向日葵幼苗抗氧化酶促进效果最好,在播种后35 d,向日葵幼苗叶片中POD、CAT、SOD、PAL、APX和PPO活性分别比CK1提高了64.35%、35.62%、59.14%、50.02%、43.39%、41.16%。研究表明T.asperellum 581通过提高向日葵幼苗抗氧化酶活性促进了幼苗形态建成和物质积累,提高了对向日葵菌核病的防治效果。

Trichoderma asperellum 581 with good control effect against sunflower Sclerotinia sclerotiorun was selected,and the effects of different strains application concentrations on the seedling growth,antioxidant enzyme activity and control effects against Sclerotinia sclerotiorun of sunflower through pot culture were evaluated from May to August 2021.The results showed that application concentrations of T.asperellum 581 effectively improved the control effect of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of sunflower,and T3 of T.asperellum 581(1×10^(5) spores·mL^(-1)of Trichoderma asperellum application concentration)was the most effective,with disease control efficacy of 98.77%.Different application concentrations of T.asperellum 581 all improved the plant height,stem diameter,whole plant fresh weight and root shoot ratio of sunflower seedlings compared with CK1(only using sunflower Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to irrigate roots without Trichoderma suspension).Of which the T3 treatment of T.asperellum 581 had the best promoting effect on the morphogenesis and material accumulation of sunflower seedlings.Compared with CK1,plant height,stem diameter,whole plant fresh weight,whole plant dry weight,root shoot ratio and strong seedling index of sunflower seedlings increased by 64.71%、193.55%、99.15%、188.24%、50.00%and 416.67%respectively.Different application concentrations of T.asperellum 581 all increased the activity of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),phenylalnine ammonialyase(PAL),ascorbate peroxidase(APX)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO)in the leaves of sunflower seedlings.Of which the T3 treatment of T.asperellum 581 had the best effect on promoting the antioxidant enzyme activity of sunflower seedlings.Compared with CK1,the activity of POD,CAT,SOD,PAL,APX and PPO in the leaves of sunflower seedlings increased by 64.35%,35.62%,59.14%,50.02%,43.39%and 41.16%respectively at 35 days after sowing.The results showed that T.asperellum 581 in this study increased the antioxidant enzyme activity,promoted the morphogenesis and material accumulation of sunflower seedlings and improved the control effect of sunflower Sclerotinia sclerotiorun.