中国农业对外直接投资的政策演进与策略选择

Policy Evolution and Strategy Selection of China's Agricultural Foreign Direct Investment

农业对外直接投资是全方位夯实粮食安全根基的重要路径。在梳理中国农业对外直接投资发展与政策演进历程的基础上,利用对外投资数据分析当前中国农业对外直接投资的投资流量、投资产业、投资环节、投资主体、投资区域、投资人才等方面的特征及困境,并对各特征及困境背后的成因进行深入剖析。研究发现:受资产回报率低、人民币贬值、企业核心竞争力不强、全球海外投资监管力度加强等因素影响,近期中国农业对外直接投资流量有所下降;“走出去”企业的比较优势及技术优势导致对外投资产业向种植业集中;产业链后端的高门槛导致对外投资集中于生产环节;投资主体实力弱、融资难导致投资规模较小,而国有企业的基础强、政策优使其投资规模较大;国家间地缘政治关系导致投资区域集中于亚欧地区;高校、企业和政府三方人才培养交流机制不完善导致复合型人才紧缺。未来国家应重视推动农业对外直接投资总量的增长,优化投资布局,形成更高水平的农业对外直接投资格局和粮食安全保障体系。

The agricultural foreign direct investment is an important pathway to comprehensively solidify the foundation of food security.Based on sorting out the development and policy evolution of China's agricultural foreign direct investment,this paper examines the characteristics and challenges of the investment flow,industry,link,subject,region,and talent in China's agricultural foreign direct investment,and deeply analyzes the causes behind these characteristics and challenges.Research has found that:due to factors such as low asset return,depreciation of the RMB,weak core competitiveness of enterprises,and strengthened global overseas investment supervision,the flow of China's agricultural foreign direct investment has recently decreased;the comparative and technological advantages of"going global"enterprises have led to the concentration of foreign investment industries towards the planting industry;the high threshold at the back end of the industrial chain leads to a concentration of foreign investment in the production process;the weak strength of investment entities and difficulty in financing lead to a small investment scale,while the strong foundation and favorable policies of state-owned enterprises make their investment scale larger;the geopolitical relationship between countries leads to a concentration of investment regions in the Asia and Europe region;the imperfect mechanism of talent cultivation and exchange among universities,enterprises,and the government has led to a shortage of versatile talents.In the future,China should attach great importance to promoting the growth of the total amount of agricultural foreign direct investment,optimizing investment layout,and forming a higher level of agricultural foreign direct investment pattern and food security guarantee system.