数字经济发展与贸易结构转型升级——来自中国微观企业层面的经验证据

The Development of Digital Economy and the Transformation and Upgrading of Trade Structure:From the Evidence at Micro-enterprise Level in China

文章构建了异质性企业贸易模型并使用2004~2013年中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库匹配的样本,从理论与实证两方面探讨数字经济发展对贸易结构转型的影响。研究发现:数字经济发展显著提升企业一般贸易额,抑制企业加工贸易额,从而加速企业由加工贸易方式向一般贸易方式转型;异质性分析表明,数字经济发展主要促进东部地区、资本密集型、技术密集型以及非国有企业贸易结构转型;机制检验表明,数字经济发展主要通过降低企业的固定与可变成本促进企业贸易结构转型升级;进一步分析表明,数字经济发展通过减少加工贸易企业的拓展与集约边际和提高一般贸易企业的集约边际实现贸易增长。

This paper constructs a heterogeneous enterprise trade model and uses the samples matched with Chinese industrial enterprises database and customs database from 2004 to 2013 to explore the impact of the development of digital economy on the transformation of trade structure from both theoretical and empirical perspectives.The research shows that:the development of digital economy significantly increases the general trade volume of the enterprises and reduces the processing trade volume of the enterprises,thus accelerating the transformation of the enterprises'trade mode from processing trade mode to general trade mode;the heterogeneity analysis reveals that the development of digital economy mainly promotes the transformation of trade structure of the eastern,capital-intensive,technology-intensive and non state-owned enterprises;the mechanism test indicates that the development of digital economy mainly promotes the transformation and upgrading of trade structure of the enterprises through reducing the fixed and variable costs of the enterprises;further analysis shows that the development of digital economy achieves trade growth by reducing the extensive and intensive margins of processing trade enterprises and increasing the intensive margin of general trade enterprises.