巨细胞病毒免疫逃逸机制研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of cytomegalovirus immuneevasion

巨细胞病毒(CMV)是一种广泛传播的病原体,感染人体后长期潜伏。在特定条件下,特别是在免疫功能低下的人群中,易发生潜伏性CMV感染再激活,引起严重的并发症乃至死亡。CMV在与宿主长期共存中形成了复杂的抗免疫应答机制,不仅可利用其庞大的基因组诱导合成多种组分参与抵抗宿主的抗感染应答,且能够通过调控宿主细胞以实现免疫逃逸。主要机制包括:干扰主要组织相容性复合体、T细胞耗竭,逃避干扰素信号,干扰自然杀伤细胞、树突状细胞和干扰体液免疫等。研究CMV免疫逃逸机制对CMV感染防治意义重大,本文就CMV免疫逃逸机制研究进展作一综述,探讨病毒与宿主相互作用的发生、发展与结局。

Cytomegalovirus(CMV)is a widespread pathogen that persists as a lifelong latent infection.In immunocompromised individuals,CMV can reactivate and cause substantial immunological changes in the host,resulting in serious clinical complications and death.During the long evolution process of the virus and the host,the virus has developed complex mechanisms to evade the host immune system.Owing to the huge genome,CMV expresses various components that resist the host immuneresponse effectively.Morever,CMV also exploits host cells to resist the immmune response.The main mechanisms include:down-regulating the expressions of major histocompatibility complex,T cell exhaustion,escaping from the host interferon response,inhibiting the functions of natural killer cells and dendritic cells,impairing humoral immunity,etc.Studying on the mechanism of CMV immune evasion is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of CMV infection.This article reviews research progress on the mechanism of CMV immune evasion,and probes into the occurrence,development and outcomes of the interaction between the virus and the host.