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复杂地表探区地震勘探的认识及地震数据成像处理的观点 被引量:2

Understanding of seismic exploration and viewpoint of seismic data imaging processing in a complex surface exploration area
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摘要 油气地震勘探已经进入了复杂地表、复杂构造、复杂储层和深层目标勘探的阶段,“两宽一高”地震数据采集也已经成为业界的共识。我国西部各油气盆地的山前带/前山带探区已经成为我国油气资源的战略接替区域,并取得了不错的勘探效果。但是,这并不说明我们已经完全解决了“双复杂”探区地震勘探的核心技术问题。首先,界定山前带地震数据成像处理的根本问题在于基于剧变道间时差和低信噪比数据如何建立满足偏移成像要求的速度模型,从勘探地震介质系统的线性性及地震波成像本质是实现地下同一反射点处不同偏移距反射子波的同相位叠加的角度、从道间时差破坏局部线性同相轴线性相位特征的角度、从时间域成像处理与深度域成像处理的分界点在于基于风化层底面之上的速度模型进行静校正后CMP道集中同相轴是否满足双曲时距关系的假设的角度、从当前线性化的层析速度反演仅能估计背景光滑速度的角度、从线性化的偏移成像仅仅依赖于背景光滑速度模型的角度,全面分析了解决山前带地震数据成像处理问题的根本逻辑和方法技术流程,指出以道间时差消除为中心的数据预处理+小平滑基准面+全深度域地震波成像是解决山前带地震数据成像处理问题的正确技术路线。 Seismic exploration of oil and gas has entered the stage of complex surface,complex structure,complex reservoir,and deep target,and the“wide azimuth,wide broadband,and high density”seismic data acquisition has become the consensus of the industry.The piedmont zone exploration areas of various oil and gas basins in western China have become strategic replacement areas for oil and gas resources,and have achieved good exploration results.However,this does not mean that we have completely broken through the core technical problems of seismic exploration in the“dual-complex”exploration area.This study first defines the fundamental problem of seismic data imaging processing in the piedmont zone as the establishment of a velocity model that meets the requirements of migration imaging based on a highly variable inter-channel time difference and low signal-to-noise ratio data.Then this study comprehensively analyzed the methods and technical process of imaging of seismic data from the following aspects:the exploration seismic medium system is linear and the essence of seismic wave imaging is to realize the in-phase superposition of the reflection wavelet at different offsets at the same underground reflection point;the inter-channel time difference can destroy the linear phase characteristics of the local linear event;the dividing point between time-domain imaging processing and depth-domain imaging processing is that after static correction based on the velocity model above the bottom of the weathered layer,whether the events of the CMP gathers meet the hypothesis of a hyperbolic time-distance relationship;the current linearized tomographic velocity inversion can only estimate the smooth velocity model;and the linearized migration imaging is based only on the smooth velocity model.Based on the analyses,this study pointed out that data preprocessing based on inter-channel time difference elimination,small smooth datum,and full-depth domain seismic wave migration imaging were the effective technical routes to solve solve the problem of seismic imaging processing in the piedmont zone.
作者 王华忠 许荣伟 冯波 吴建鲁 WANG Huazhong;XU Rongwei;FENG Bo;WU Jianlu(Wave Phenomena and Intelligent Inversion Imaging Research Group(WPI),School of Ocean and Earth Science,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Research&Development Center,BGP Inc.,CNPC,Zhuozhou 072751,China)
出处 《石油物探》 CSCD 北大核心 2023年第5期789-805,共17页 Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum
基金 国家自然科学基金(42174135,42074143) 国家重点研发计划变革性技术关键科学问题重点专项(2018YFA0702503) 中石油集团前瞻性基础性项目“物探岩石物理与前沿储备技术研究”(2021DJ3501)共同资助。
关键词 山地地震勘探 复杂地表 剧变道间时差 低信噪比 预处理 速度建模 叠前偏移成像 成像处理流程 mountain seismic exploration complex surface highly variable inter-channel time difference low signal-to-noise ratio preprocessing velocity modeling prestack migration imaging imaging processing
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