填料塔液体分布器的研究进展

Research progress of liquid distributors in packed columns

填料塔作为化工单元操作过程中重要的汽液传质设备,因具有传质效率高、整塔压降低、能耗低等优点,已经成为精馏操作中的关键设备。液体分布器是填料塔中重要的塔内件,其结构形式直接关系到液相物料在塔内的分布情况,从而影响填料塔的分离效果。本文系统介绍了液体分布器的发展现状,从自然流分布、径向分布系数等方面详细总结了分布质量对填料塔分离效率的影响;深入分析了国内外关于各种结构类型的液体分布器的理论研究以及设计优化过程;并总结了不同液体分布器分布质量评价方法的适用场景。文章最后对液体分布器的发展进行了展望,为液体分布器的设计与优化提供了思路。

As an important vapor-liquid mass transfer equipment in chemical unit operation process,packed tower is a key equipment in distillation operation process because of its advantages of high mass transfer efficiency,lower pressure and low energy consumption.Liquid distributor is an important column internal in packed tower,and its structure form is directly related to the distribution of liquid phase in the tower,thus affecting the separation effect of packed tower.This paper systematically introduced the development status of liquid distributors.The influence of the distribution effect of liquid distributor on a packed column's separation efficiency was introduced,including natural flow distribution and radial distribution coefficient.And the theoretical research and design optimization process of various structural types of liquid distributors in the domestic and overseas were analyzed in depth.Then the applicable scenarios of different evaluation methods for various liquid distributors were summarized.Finally,an outlook on the development of liquid distributors was given to provide ideas for the development and design of liquid distributors.