溶剂脱沥青技术应用与进展

Application and progress of solvent deasphalting technology

溶剂脱沥青可拓宽原料组成及性质限制范围,避免高残炭及高金属含量制约,与转化工艺灵活组合可处理分子量大、氢含量低、杂质含量高的渣油、油浆及油砂沥青等,显著提高转化率、降低装置操作苛刻度、提高经济效益。本文分析了溶剂脱沥青技术特点及国内外工业化溶剂脱沥青技术应用情况和实施效果,综述了以溶剂脱沥青技术为上游或下游工艺的氢转化、裂化、气化等组合工艺最新进展。以低碳数烃类、CO_(2)及其改性剂、共沉淀剂分类阐述了溶剂作用及研发进展,分析了塔及内构件结构优化、设备改造的新技术,指出未来仍需对溶剂脱沥青技术进行更多基础和优化研究。提出进一步提高抽提效率、降能耗,扩大在非常规原油改质中的应用,将劣质油/油砂/未转化油直接或间接转化为高附加值化学品等可能是溶剂脱沥青技术的未来发展方向。

Solvent deasphalting can broaden the limited range of raw material composition and properties to avoid the restriction of high carbon residue and high metal content.The flexible combination of solvent deasphalting and conversion process can deal with residual oil,oil slurry and oil sand asphalt with large molecular weight,low hydrogen content and high impurity content,significantly improve the conversion rate,reduce the severity of unit operation,and improve economic benefits.The characteristics of solvent deasphalting technology are analyzed,and the application and implementation effects of solvent deasphalting technology successfully industrialized at home and abroad are summarized.The latest progress of hydrogen conversion,cracking,gasification and other combined processes with solvent deasphalting technology as upstream or downstream process are reviewed.The solvent action and R&D progress are described based on the classification of low carbon hydrocarbons,CO_(2) and its modifiers,and coprecipitators.The new technologies for tower and internal structure optimization and equipment transformation are analyzed.It is pointed out that more basic and optimization research on solvent deasphalting technology are needed in the future.It is proposed that the future development direction of solvent deasphalting technology may be to further improve extraction efficiency,reduce energy consumption,expand the application in unconventional crude oil upgrading,and directly or indirectly convert poor oil/oil sand/unconverted oil into high value-added chemicals.