星地融合网络:一体化模式、用频与应用展望

Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks:Integrated Mode,Frequency Usage and Application Prospects

随着卫星通信网络的迅速发展,星地融合网络(Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks,ISTNs)通过充分利用卫星互联网与地面网络的优势,拓展了通信的覆盖范围,实现了全球立体无缝覆盖,是未来6G网络的关键支柱,能给网络服务性能带来革命性提升。分析了星地融合的优势与挑战,全面梳理了目前国内外正在探索和实践的三种典型星地融合策略。在此基础上,详细介绍了不同策略下的星地融合的系统与应用,以辅助地面组件(Ancillary Terrestrial Component,ATC)规则、互补地面组件(Complementary Ground Component,CGC)规则、苹果/华为直连卫星服务、AST计划以及Starlink/OneWeb高速互联网接入服务为例,介绍了星地融合系统的运营与频率使用情况,指出了在网络架构、空口传输、频谱资源管理以及传输设备等方面所面临的技术挑战以及对未来星地融合网络的发展展望。

Satellite communication networks have been developed rapidly in recent years.By making full use of the advantages of satellite internet and terrestrial networks,the Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks(ISTNs) expand communication coverage and realize global three-dimensional seamless coverage.As the key pillar of the future 6G network,ISTNs can bring revolutionary enhancement to network service performance.This paper analyzes advantages and challenges of the integration of satellite Internet and terrestrial networks,comprehensively discusses three typical strategies of ISTNs.On this basis,a variety of representative systems and application practices of ISTNs are introduced in detail,taking Ancillary Terrestrial Component(ATC) rules,Complementary Ground Component(CGC) rules,Apple/Huawei direct-connect satellite service,AST program,and Starlink/OneWeb high-speed Internet access service as examples.The operation and frequency usage of ISTNs systems are introduced.Finally,technical challenges in network architecture,air-port transmission,spectrum resource management and transmission equipment are pointed out,and an outlook on the future development of ISTNs is given.