户外光照在近视防控中作用机制的研究进展

Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Outdoor Light Exposure in Myopia Preven⁃tion and Control

近视已经成为一个全球性的公共卫生问题,近年来有大量学者从光照的角度开展研究,认为儿童时期暴露在户外光照下可以降低患近视的风险,或延缓近视的进展。本文对当前发现的户外光照与近视的关系及作用机制进行梳理,发现户外光照可引起视网膜的光化学反应,刺激多巴胺的合成及释放,增加脉络膜的血流灌注,促进脉络膜增厚,调节巩膜重塑和眼球生长,且光照强度和波长的变化与近视的进展具有相关性,其作为干预靶点在控制近视进展方面有一定的潜力。本综述可为近视防控提供新的思路和参考。

Myopia has become a global public health issue,and in recent years,numerous scholars have conducted research from the perspective of light exposure.It is believed that expo‐sure to outdoor light during childhood can reduce the risk of developing myopia or slow down its progression.This article provides an overview of the relationship and mechanisms between outdoor light exposure and myopia.It has been found that outdoor light exposure can induce photoreceptor-mediated retinal chemical reactions,stimulate dopamine synthesis and release,increase choroidal blood flow,promote choroidal thickening,regulate scleral remodeling and eye growth.Moreover,variations in light intensity and wavelength are correlated with the progression of myopia,suggest‐ing that outdoor light exposure serves as a potential target for controlling myopia progression.This review offers new insights and references for myopia prevention and control.