不同有机钾肥对人参及栽参土壤元素含量的影响

Effects of Different Organic Potassium Fertilizers on Soil Element Contents and Elements in Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.

为探讨有机钾肥替代传统化学钾肥的应用,以2年生人参苗为材料,利用土培方法,以传统化学钾肥(K2SO4)为对照,考察腐殖酸钾(KHM)和黄腐酸钾(BSFA)对栽参土壤和人参中元素含量的影响。结果表明,随着人参生育期的延长,各处理条件下栽参土壤中全钾(K)、钙(Ca)、锌(Zn)和砷(As)的含量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,土壤中铝(Al)、铁(Fe)、镁(Mg)和钠(Na)的含量均呈现升高的趋势,土壤中全碳(C)的含量均呈现先降低后升高的趋势;参根中磷(P)、Ca、Mg、Fe、Al和Zn的含量均呈现降低的趋势,参根中C的含量均呈现先降低后升高的趋势,参根中硒(Se)的含量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势;人参茎叶中氮(N)、P、K的含量均呈现降低的趋势,人参茎叶中Fe的含量均呈现先降低后升高的趋势。在人参收获期,栽参土壤中全N、全P、全C、Ca、Zn及As的含量以BSFA处理最高,含量分别为1.06 mg/g、0.43 mg/g、11.09 mg/g、4.32 mg/g、0.0521 mg/g和0.0098 mg/g,与对照处理差异显著;栽参土壤中全K、速效K、Al、Fe、Mg、Na、铅(Pb)和铬(Cd)的含量在CK处理下最高,其中,全K和速效K含量分别为13.38 mg/g和0.2184 mg/g,各处理间差异显著;人参根中N、P、K、C、Ca、Mg和Zn的含量以KHM处理最高,含量分别为24.32 mg/g、2.84 mg/g、21.93 mg/g、365.36 mg/g、2.83 mg/g、1.99 mg/g和0.0125 mg/g,与对照处理差异显著;在BSFA处理条件下人参根中Na和Se的含量最高,与对照处理差异显著;KHM处理条件下,人参茎叶中N、P、K、C、Fe和Se的含量最高,含量分别为20.85 mg/g、2.22 mg/g、19.66 mg/g、436.71 mg/g、0.11 mg/g和0.006 mg/g,与对照处理差异显著;在BSFA处理条件下人参茎叶中Mg含量最高,为0.0042 mg/g,与对照处理差异显著。研究结果表明,收获期KHM和BSFA处理可以显著降低土壤中Al、Fe、Na、Pb和Cd等元素的含量,在提高人参根及人参茎叶中N、P、K和C等元素含量方面以KHM处理效果较好,建议在栽培人参时,可以酌情使用有机钾肥,以达到钾肥高效利用的目的。

In order to explore the application of organic potassium fertilizer in replacing traditional chemical potassium fertilizer technology,two-year-old ginseng seedlings were used as materials.The effects of potassium humate(KHM)and potassium fulvic acid(BSFA)on the absorption and accumulation of elements in soil and ginseng were investigated by the soil culture method with traditional chemical potassium fertilizer(K_2SO_4)as the control.The results showed that with the extension of the growth period,the contents of total potassium(K),calcium(Ca),zinc(Zn)and arsenic(As)in the soil under different treatment conditions increased and then decreased,the contents of aluminum(Al),iron(Fe),magnesium(Mg)and sodium(Na)increased,and the content of total carbon(C)decreased and then increased.With the extension of the growth period,the contents of phosphorus(P),Ca,Mg,Fe,Al and Zn in ginseng roots under each treatment showed a decreasing trend,the content of C in ginseng roots under each treatment showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,and the content of Se in ginseng roots under each treatment showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.With the extension of growth period,the contents of N,P and K in stems and leaves of ginseng under each treatment condition showed a decreasing trend.Under each treatment condition.Under each treatment condition,the contents of Fe in stems and leaves of ginseng decreased first and then increased.During the harvest period of Panax ginseng,the contents of total nitrogen(N),total C,total P,Ca,Zn and As in the soil were the highest in BSFA treatment,which were 1.06 mg/g,11.09 mg/g,0.43 mg/g,4.32 mg/g,0.0521 mg/g and 0.0098 mg/g,respectively,which were significantly different from those in the control treatment.The contents of total K and available K,Al,Fe,Mg,Na,Pb and Cr(Cd)were the highest under CK treatment,among which the contents of total K and available K were 13.38 mg/g and 0.2184 mg/g,respectively,and the differences among treatments were significant.The contents of N,P,K,C,Ca,Mg and Zn in ginseng roots were the highest in KHM treatment,which were24.32 mg/g,2.84 mg/g,21.93 mg/g,365.36 mg/g,2.83 mg/g,1.99 mg/g and 0.0125 mg/g,respectively.The content of Na and Se in BSFA treatment was the highest,which was significantly different from the control treatment.During the harvest period of ginseng,the contents of N,P,K,C,Fe and Se in stems and leaves of ginseng were the highest under KHM treatment,which were 20.85 mg/g,2.22 mg/g,19.66 mg/g,436.71 mg/g,0.11 mg/g and 0.006 mg/g,respectively,which were significantly different from those of the control treatment.The Mg content was the highest with BSFA treatment,with the content of 0.0042 mg/g,which was significantly different from the control treatment.The results showed that KHM and BSFA treatments could significantly reduce the contents of Al,Fe,Na,Pb,Cd elements in soil,during harvest and KHM treatment was better in improving the contents of N,P,K,C,and other elements in root and stems and leaves of ginseng.It was suggested that organic potassium fertilizer should be used as the appropriate in cultivating ginseng to achieve the purpose of efficient utilization of potassium fertilizer.