阴阳生律·以数定律·律历合一——《淮南子》音律观念的文化学透视

The Temperament of Yin and Yang, the Temperament of Numbers, and the Unity of Temperament and Calendar: A Cultural Perspective on the Conception of Melody in Huainanzi

《淮南子》是秦汉道家的代表作,其所涉音律及相关概念,不但与宇宙天地、天文历法紧密相关,而且将社会大一统的度量衡都置于音律的统摄之下。本文在文化学视角下从以下三个方面考察《淮南子》的音律问题:第一,阴阳相生,以气为介,从气论哲学视角阐述音律生发逻辑;第二,“以三参物”,以数定律,从数理视角探析音律轨范;第三,律历融合,构建十二律统摄宇宙万物的天地秩序。文章认为,《淮南子》的音律观念以道家思想为基础,吸收融合了阴阳家思想,将音律的符号体系与天地万物进行立体化建构,从而形成万物相参、天地人互动的音乐宇宙,体现了中华文明“天人合一”的文化理念。

The Huainanzi,a representative work of Taoism in the Qin and Han dynasties,involves sound and related concepts,which are not only closely related to the universe,heaven and earth,astronomy and calendar,but also place the unified measurement of society under the control of sound.This article examines the phonological issues of Huainanzi from the perspective of cultural studies from the following three aspects:firstly,Yin and Yang coexist,with Qi as the medium,and elaborates on the logic of phonological development from the perspective of Qi theory philosophy;Secondly,"using the three parameters"and the temperament of numbers to analyze musical patterns from a mathematical perspective;Thirdly,the integration of temperament and calendars,constructing a heaven and earth order in which the twelve temperaments govern all things in the universe.The article believes that the musical concept of Huainanzi is based on Taoist thought,absorbs and integrates the Yin Yang school thought,and constructs the symbol system of musical rhythm in a three-dimensional way with all things in heaven and earth,thus forming a musical universe where all things participate and interact with heaven,earth,and humans,reflecting the cultural concept of"harmony between heaven and humans"in Chinese civilization.