深圳市宝安区儿童青少年含糖饮料摄入状况与近视的关联

Associations between the status of sugar-sweetened beverage intake and myopia in children and adolescents in Baoan District of Shenzhen City

目的分析含糖饮料摄入频率与儿童青少年近视的关联及学段差异。方法分层整群抽取深圳市宝安区西乡、松岗、石岩、福永、沙井、新安6个街道14所学校30188名儿童青少年,采用问卷调查中小学生人口特征、是否近视及近1个月含糖饮料摄入频率。采用χ^(2)检验和logistic回归模型分析不同含糖饮料摄入频率与儿童青少年近视的关联。结果30188名儿童青少年,近视率为49.8%。控制性别、学段、父母文化程度、父母近视后,logistic分析结果显示,与几乎不喝含糖饮料相比,每周摄入≥4次含糖碳酸饮料、含糖茶饮料、含糖咖啡饮料的儿童青少年近视OR(95%CI)值分别为1.18(1.07~1.31)、1.16(1.06~1.27)和1.25(1.09~1.42)。按学段分层分析结果显示,小学1~3年级学生每周摄入≥4次含糖碳酸饮料、含糖茶饮料和含糖咖啡饮料的近视OR(95%CI)值分别为2.32(1.37~3.93)、2.29(1.38~3.80)和6.14(2.75~13.71);小学4~6年级学生每周摄入≥4次含糖碳酸饮料、含糖茶饮料和含糖咖啡饮料的近视OR(95%CI)值为1.78(1.44~2.21)、1.51(1.24~1.84)和3.22(2.17~4.79);初中和高中学生含糖碳酸饮料、含糖茶饮料和含糖咖啡饮料摄入频率与近视关联无统计学意义。结论含糖饮料摄入频率与儿童青少年近视在小学阶段存在正向关联,含糖饮料摄入频率较高的小学生近视风险更高,近视防控抓早抓小应控制含糖饮料摄入。

Objective To analyze the associations between sugar-sweetened beverage intake frequency and myopia and their differences in the segments of school education among children and adolescents.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 30,188 children and adolescents from 14 schools in six streets,Xixiang,Songgang,Shiyan,Fuyong,Shajing and Xin’an,in Bao’an District of Shenzhen.A questionnaire was used to investigate the children’s and adolescents’demographic characteristics,myopia and frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage intake in the last month.χ^(2) test and logistic regression model were employed to analyze the relationships between sugar-sweetened beverage intake frequency and myopia in the children and adolescents.Results Among the 30,188 children and adolescents,the myopia rate was 49.8%.After controlling for gender,the segments of school education,parental education level,and parental myopia,the results of logistic analysis revealed that compared with having almost no sugar-sweetened beverage intake,the OR(95%CI)values for myopia in children and adolescents who consumed sugary carbonated beverages,sugary tea beverages and sugary coffee beverages≥4 times per week were 1.18(1.07-1.31),1.16(1.06-1.27)and 1.25(1.09-1.42)respectively.The results of stratified analysis based on the segments of school education displayed that the OR(95%CI)values for myopia in pupils from grades 1-3 who consumed sugary carbonated beverages,sugary tea beverages and sugary coffee beverages≥4 times per week were 2.32(1.37-3.93),2.29(1.38-3.80)and 6.14(2.75-13.71)respectively.The OR(95%CI)values for myopia in pupils from grades 4-6 who consumed sugary carbonated beverages,sugary tea beverages and sugary coffee beverages≥4 times per week were 1.78(1.44-2.21),1.51(1.24-1.84)and 3.22(2.17-4.79)respectively.No statistically significant differences were observed in the associations of the frequency of sugary carbonated beverages,sugary tea beverages and sugary coffee beverages intake with myopia between junior and senior high school students.Conclusion The frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage intake is positively associated with myopia in children and adolescents from primary schools.Pupils with higher frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage intake have a higher risk of myopia.As for early prevention and control of myopia,the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages should be restricted.