2017—2021年湖北省狂犬病流行特征及潜伏期影响因素分析

Epidemiological characteristics of rabies and factors influencing its incubation period in Hubei Province,2017-2021

目的分析湖北省狂犬病流行病学特征,为制定狂犬病的预防控制策略提供依据。方法收集2017—2021年湖北省狂犬病病例监测数据和狂犬病暴露门诊处置季报汇总表,采用描述性流行病学方法分析湖北省狂犬病疫情的分布特征,运用SPSS 25.0软件对潜伏期影响因素进行独立样本秩和检验分析。结果2017—2021年湖北省狂犬病疫情持续下降。病例主要分布于湖北省西北部和中东部地区;高发季节为夏秋冬季;病例男女性别比为1.86∶1,职业以农民为主;各年龄组均有发病且呈现单峰型,高峰主要集中于45岁以上中老年人群。76例狂犬病病例分析中,伤人动物以狗为主(89.47%),暴露程度以Ⅲ级暴露为主(57.89%),暴露后狂犬疫苗接种率仅为9.21%。暴露程度、伤口处置情况、处理方式(缝合处理)、狂犬病疫苗接种是影响潜伏期的相关因素(P<0.05)。结论2017—2021年湖北省狂犬病疫情持续下降。要强化农村地区中老年人群的宣传教育工作,提高狂犬病暴露门诊处置的规范化水平,力争实现湖北省2030年消除人间狂犬病的目标。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Hubei Province,and to provide a basis for developing strategies for rabies prevention and control.Methods We collected the surveillance data of rabies and summary forms of rabies post-exposure management in clinics in Hubei Province during 2017-2021,and analyzed the distribution features of rabies epidemics in Hubei Province during this period by using descriptive epidemiological method.SPSS25.0 software was employed to perform Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test,and factors influencing the incubation period of rabies were analyzed.Results The rabies epidemics in Hubei Province in 2017-2021 continued to decline.Rabies cases were mainly distributed in northwest and central-eastern parts of Hubei Province,and occurred mostly in summer,autumn and winter.The male to female ratio of the cases was 1.86:1,and the majority of the cases were farmers.The cases were reported in all age groups,the incidence curve was unimodal,and the peak was mainly concentrated in middle-aged and elderly people over 45 years old.Analysis on 76 cases of rabies revealed that the main biting animals were dogs(89.47%),the degree of exposure were mainly degreeⅢ(57.89%),and the vaccination rate after exposure was only 9.21%.Exposure degree,wound management,treatment method(suture treatment)and rabies vaccination were the related factors affecting the incubation period(P<0.05).Conclusion The rabies epidemics in Hubei Province during 2017-2021 continued to decrease.We need to strengthen the publicity and education among middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas,improve the standard level of management of rabies exposure in clinics,and strive to achieve the goal of zero human rabies death by 2030 in Hubei Province.