石灰氮对设施酸化土壤的调控作用及番茄产量的影响

Modification of Calcium Cyanamid on Acidified Soil and Effect on the Yield of Tomato in Greenhouse

以设施酸化土壤为研究对象,以“朗庭”番茄为试材,采用盆栽试验法,研究不同用量石灰氮(0、0.5、1.0 g·kg^(-1)土和1.5 g·kg^(-1)土)对设施酸化土壤酸度、土壤微生物群落特征及番茄产量的影响,以期明确石灰氮对设施酸化土壤的调控效果。结果表明:施用石灰氮可以显著提高土壤pH,降低土壤交换性酸总量、土壤交换性H+含量和土壤交换性铝含量。定植60 d时,石灰氮处理土壤的pH增加了0.39~1.24个单位,土壤交换性酸总量降低了20.39%~40.69%,其中交换性铝含量降低了17.05%~44.06%,明显增加土壤微生物特征数7.84%~10.75%。在门水平上增加不同时期土壤中芽单胞菌门和绿弯菌门相对丰度,降低变形菌门相对丰度。在属水平上明显增加芽单胞菌属和鞘脂单胞菌属相对丰度。番茄产量随着石灰氮用量的增加出现先增加后降低的趋势,当用量为1.0 g·kg^(-1)土时番茄产量最高,增产17.97%。在该试验条件下,石灰氮用量为1.0 g·kg^(-1)土时效果较好。

Taking acidified soil as the research object and‘Langting’tomato as the crop.The effects of different amounts of lime nitrogen(0,0.5,1.0 g·kg^(-1)soil and 1.5 g·kg^(-1) soil)on soil acidity,soil microbial community characteristics and tomato yield were studied by pot experiment,in order to clarify the regulation effect of lime nitrogen on facility acidified soil.The results showed that the application of lime nitrogen could significantly increase soil pH,reduce the total amount of soil exchangeable acid,soil exchangeable H+content and soil exchangeable aluminum content.At 60 days after planting,the pH value of the soil treated with lime nitrogen increased by 0.39-1.24 units,the total amount of soil exchangeable acid decreased by 20.39%-40.69%,the content of exchangeable aluminum decreased by 17.05%-44.06%,and the number of soil microbial characteristics increased by 7.84%-10.75%.At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Chloroflexi in soil at different stages was increased,and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was decreased.The relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Sphingomonas was significantly increased at the genus level.The yield of tomato increased first and then decreased with the increase of lime nitrogen dosage.When the dosage was 1.0 g·kg^(-1) soil,the yield of tomato was the highest,increasing by 17.97%.Under the conditions of this experiment,the effect was better when the amount of lime nitrogen was 1.0 g·kg^(-1) soil.