人脸识别技术应用的权益矛盾与法律平衡

Conflict of Rights and Legal Balance in the Application of Face Recognition Technology

人脸识别技术日趋成熟,应用愈加广泛,但也隐藏着很大的隐患和风险,一旦被滥用,将严重侵害公民的个人隐私权、个人信息自决权等人格权益以及相应的财产权益。人脸识别技术的应用能引发公民人脸信息的权益保护与商业利益的直接矛盾;同时,人脸识别技术应用中公民人脸信息权益与政府所代表的公共利益之间也存在矛盾。为回应这些利益矛盾,我国法律对人脸识别技术的规制原则隐含了由强调网络安全秩序的“秩序原则”到以公民权利框架保护个人信息的“强化保护原则”再到加强保护与规范利用相结合的“平衡原则”的演变。随着《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》的实施,平衡原则进一步具体化和实体法化是有必要的。通过制定专门的人脸识别技术应用法规、推动人工智能人脸识别技术的行业自律、建立人脸识别技术的行政许可和准入制度,平衡原则之下的人脸识别技术应用法律规制可以被进一步完善。

The increasing maturity and widespread application of face recognition technology carry significant risks and dangers.Once abused,this can seriously infringe upon citizens'personal rights,including privacy rights,autonomy in personal information,and corresponding property rights.The application of facial recognition technology can give rise to a direct contradiction between the protection of citizens'facial information rights and commercial interests.Moreover,conflicts exist between citizens'facial information rights and the public interest represented by the government in the application of face recognition technology.In response to these conflicting interests,the regulatory principle of facial recognition technology in China has implied a development from a“principle of order”that emphasizes network security order to a“principle of enhanced protection”that protects personal information with the framework of civil rights and to a“principle of balance”that emphasizes strengthened protection and regulated utilization.With the implementation of the“Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China”,it is necessary to further concretize and codify the principle of balance.By enacting specialized regulations for the application of face recognition technology,promoting industry self-discipline in artificial intelligence facial recognition technology,and establishing administrative licensing and access systems for face recognition technology,the legal regulation of the application of face recognition technology under the principle of balance can be further improved.